著者

Tsumagari Toshiro

出版者

Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.1-21, 2009-03

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The present paper, a revised and enlarged version of Tsumagari (1985a), is a sketch of Uilta, a Tungusic language spoken in Sakhalin. The first section includes a description of linguistic situation and a brief history of study. The second section is devoted to phonology and the third to morphological description. In the fourth section, various types of noun phrase and sentence structure are illustrated. Finally a short text with grammatical analysis is appended. Though the present sketch is far from a full grammatical description, it might be of some use for those who wish to get some general idea of this endangered language. This paper owes much to the pioneering study in the southern dialect of Uilta by Professor Jiro Ikegami. Actually, some descriptions in this paper are no more than a brief summary of his analysis: especially most parts of phonology and morphology are basically following his framework. Additional data, mostly for syntactic description in section 4, were obtained by the present author from an Uilta speaker late Ms. Chiyo Sato (Uilta name Napka, 1910?-1985), who contributed much in the study of the Uilta language as the main consultant of Professor Ikegami. The first revised version of this sketch was contributed to a chapter of the Tungusic volume of grammatical description series. For some reason the volume has not appeared for several years, so that I will publish my chapter (with minor revisions) separately here with the permission of the volume editor Alexander Vovin.

著者

Beaney Michael Bo Chen Nakatogawa Koji

出版者

Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.1-25, 2010-03

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The interview begins with an outline of Gottlob Frege's life, academic career and the reception of his ideas by later philosophers such as Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Frege's main contributions to logic and philosophy are summarized, and the key ideas of his three main books - Begriffsschrift, Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik and Grundgesetze der Arithmetik - are explained. Particular attention is paid to Frege's fundamental claim that "a statement of number contains an assertion about a concept" and to the 'Cantor-Hume Principle',which play a central role in his logicist project - the attempt to show that arithmetic can be reduced to logic. Also discussed are three of Frege's important essays, which elucidate his view of concepts as functions and his distinctions between concept and object and between 'Sinn' and 'Bedeutung'. Here particular attention is paid to problems concerning his notion of an extension of a concept (or more generally, his notion of a value-range of a function), the translation of 'Bedeutung', and the application of the distinction between Sinn and Bedeutung to different kinds of linguistic expressions. Recent developments of Frege's ideas by, for example, 'neo-logicists' are mentioned, and there is also discussion of Frege's conception of 'thoughts'. The interview ends with some remarks on certain influences on Frege, such as from neo-Kantianism, and some suggestions for further reading.

著者

Dallyn Thomas

出版者

北海道大学文学研究科

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.19-27, 2017-02

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This paper will report and analyze ongoing changes in the accentual system of Hokkaido Japanese (HJ), a regional variety spoken on the northernmost islands of the Japanese archipelago, originating in relatively recent settlement from mainland Japan. In recent years, as in almost all regions of Japan, HJ has undergone dialect levelling towards standard (Tokyo) Japanese (TJ). Although the accentual system of HJ, in terms of the possible number of contrastive accent patterns and the prosodic characteristics that define them, is largely identical to that of TJ, traditional HJ differs significantly from TJ in which lexical items are realised with which accent pattern. Adopting an analysis using Kindaichiʼs word-accent classes (Kindaichi, 1973; 1975), this paper will examine accent class correspondences in bimoraic native nouns, based on a survey 24 native speakers of HJ from four different areas across the island. The results of this survey illustrate a clear pattern of agestratified variation in accent class correspondences that are shown to be consistent with a broader dialect levelling trend towards TJ. However, the pace of this process does not appear consistent across all survey sites, suggesting possible implications for media-driven models of dialect levelling in Japan.

著者

Sakurai Yoshihide

出版者

Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.29-38, 2008-03

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This paper was originally presented at the International Symposium on Cultic Studies, held on December 6-8, 2007, at Shenzhen China, which was sponsored by Institute of World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. This institution made strong effort to study the activities of the Falun Gong inside/outside of China,because Chinese communist party was very concerned about the upsurge of this religious movement and finally banned any activities of Falun Gong in July 22, 1997. Falun Gong,foundered by Li Hongzhi in 1992, rapidly expanded its missionary in China and evoked cult controversy over believers’devotion to Li Hongzhi in China. Conversely, human rights watch groups and refugees of Falun Gong in western countries criticized Chinese government and strongly demanded immediate cessation of its repression. Although Chinese government as well as Chinese Academy has not changed official position to Falun Gong,they seem to have acknowledged that a cult issue is problematic. Chinese history has too many cases to enumerate spiritual cults and religious millennialism that were heretic(淫祠) and subversive(邪教) from the perspective of successive imperial dynasties. Even if Falun Gong is considered to have the same character, it cannot be sufficient reason of political restriction in a country where freedom of religion constitutionally guaranteed. They consider the necessity of legitimacy not only of Chinese legislation but also of universal criteria, so that they called experts of cult issue from the western countries(England, Germany, Canada, USA)as well as Asian (India, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan). I was only participant from Japan and reported Japanese cult controversy in present day Japan. This paper first introduces recent cult controversy and review cultic studies in Japan. Then I will illustrate major controversial cults(Aum Supreme Truth Cult-Aleph in present, Unification Church, and JMS from South Korea) and minor cultic groups (Hallelujah Community Church, Makomo Shrine, and Home of Heart). The latter is small independent Religious Corporation or self-awareness therapy group. Last I will explain about the social background where such cults and spiritual movement emerged in Japan and point out the fragility that some Japanese as well as victimized cult members hold, which should be overcome in near future.

著者

Kudo Haruka

出版者

北海道大学文学研究科

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.29-37, 2017-02

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Against the backdrop of a high proportion of mothers who take care of their children at home and the problem of child-rearing anxiety and social isolation among them, the Japanese government has currently expanded child-rearing support via the Community-based Child-rearing Support Centers (CCSCs). They are open spaces for infants and parents in the community, where they can gather freely, communicate with each other, and share their anxieties and worries related to child rearing. There are also many voluntary programs that are similar to the CCSCs in each region, and all of these are often called “childcare salons.” In this study, I categorize these childcare salons into 4 types based on their management bodies, namely, the center type, childrenʼs hall type, Hiroba type, and local-based type. Based on a qualitative investigation conducted in Sapporo, a Japanese urban area, I briefly summarize how these childcare salons support child rearing by “full-time mothers” and affect the formation of their childcare support networks. These childcare salons are diverse in terms of staff members and volunteers, space and facilities, and their opening hours. These features characterize the institutional support provided by these salons, which affects the relational support mutually provided among mothers who avail these services; therefore, different types of social exchanges and network formation are prevalent among the users. These childcare salons embody the idea of the “socialization of childcare” and practically “socialize” child rearing by moving it from the private sphere to the public sphere outside the family and by sharing it among families and people in the community. However, there are still issues and limitations with respect to gender division and family responsibility of childcare.

著者

Terazawa Shigenori Ng ka Shing

出版者

北海道大学文学研究科

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.59-70, 2015-03

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Religion and social stratification has been an important sociological topic since Max Weber and Karl Marx. It continues to attract scholarly attention nowadays in the United States, giving rise to numerous empirical studies on their complex relationships. However, there is no or inadequate studies on the relations between religion and social stratification in societies that have very different cultural backgrounds compared to the U.S. This research note attempts to expand this sociological topic to non-Christian societies using Taiwan as a case study, where Christianity is not the dominant culture. It first offers a literature review of religion and social stratification in Taiwan, followed by a quantitative study based on a national survey, Taiwan Social Change Survey. Analysis is based on the data from the 2000, 2005, and 2010 dataset. This research note focuses on three important social stratification indicators, namely education level, occupation, and income, and their effects on religious affiliation. Changes in such relations over ten years are also studied. Our analysis has at least five significant findings: (1) respondents belonging to “Protestantism” and “No Religion” tend to be in the upper class. (2) Except for “Protestantism” and “No Religion,” religious affiliation is affected by different social stratification indicators and such effect is particular strong for “Buddhism,” “Taoism,” and “Folk religion.” While (3) “Catholics” have declining score in occupation and income level, (4) “Buddhists” are achieving higher status in occupation. (5) Education, occupation, and income level are increasing for “Yiguan Dao” practitioners.

著者

Okada Kazuhiro

出版者

Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Journal of the graduate school of letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.15-35, 2019-03

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Engelbert Kaempferʼs The History of Japan describes an unusual Japanese script, Imatto Canna. Although the term can be attested in Japanese literature as such, the Japanese use of the term (Yamatogana in modern orthography) is itself varied and does not superficially agree with Kaempfer's. This paper attempts to classify the Japanese usages of this term and untangle the differences between Kaempfer's works on Japanese scripts. A comparison between his published works and his manuscripts reveals that his original understanding of Yamato-gana was not far from the Japanese use of the term, but that some misinterpretations arose during The History of Japan's editing process.

著者

Toda Satoshi

出版者

Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Journal of the graduate school of letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.7-14, 2019-03

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to understand Hans-Georg Beckʼs interpretation of Byzantium as reflected in his Das byzantinische Jahrtausend. It argues that, although Beck has accomplished remarkable contributions in the field of studies in Byzantine Verfassungsgeschichte and Gesellschaftsgeschichte, his main research interest remained centered, throughout his academic career, on Byzantine theology (and Christianity) as well as on Byzantine literature.

著者

Senaha Eijun

出版者

Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.57-66, 2009-03

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This essay, a revision of an oral presentation at NASSS, examines Barack Hussein Obama's 1995 autobiography Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance from literary perspectives as the text introduces not only a postmodern bildungsroman hero of hybridity but the author's paradoxical obsession to paternal heritage. As a result, his autoandrography, a life writing of a man about himself and by himself, represents a familiar story of a man who is trapped by the myth of masculinity. The essay first identifies various postmodern characteristics of autobiography with the text: genealogy, narrative of ethnic identity and community, memoir, trauma narrative, and bildungsroman. Then, it examines the narrator's relation to his father and finds that the text also portrays a man who is molded into an anti-postmodern ideology of manhood. The essay concludes that the text represents postmodern male anxieties. Being a racial minority and gender majority, the narrator finds himself difficult to locate in this world of diversities. Barack Obama's ultimate decision was to rely on what he thought to be definite: i.e. paternity.

著者

Miyajima Shunichi

出版者

北海道大学文学研究科

雑誌

Journal of the graduate school of letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.1-10, 2018-03

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In recent years, the word “spirituality” is frequently used in a wide range of research areas, such as religion, medical care, nursing, nursing care, clinical psychology, bioethics, education, and business activities. Not only within academic research areas but also within non-academic areas, such as the arena of mass media and medical care practice, nursing and the nursing care practice, this word is being frequently used. Definitions of this term vary as per the userʼs perspective but there are many cases where this word is used to refer to the appearances which were thought of as religion, religiosity, and something being religious or similar. In this paper, I have considered the background of the use of the term “spirituality” in religious research and medical areas, respectively. What is common to both is that the current state of the term “spirituality” is being used to talk about “religious” matters while maintain a distance from the conventional “religion” as an institution. Here we discuss the continuity and discontinuity of “religion” and “spirituality.” If one is conscious of the connection between “religion” and “spirituality,” there should be something that should be derived from the “religion” research to further research on “spirituality” as a concept and as a word. In order to use it as a concept, it is necessary to further examine and train it. The ambiguity of the term “spirituality” has proved useful, and it is also possible to include a wide range of phenomena in the term “spirituality” that could not be included in the concept of “religion”. It is possible to expect further research in this area but at present there are many problems due to ambiguity. Discussions about “spirituality” are expected to gain prominence and in turn, increase the usefulness of this word.

著者

Li Yuan Shin Woongchul Okada Kazuhiro

出版者

北海道大学文学研究科

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.83-96, 2016-03

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This essay will address differences in orientation in early Japanese lexicography with regard to the Japanese rendering of definitions in a Chinese language dictionary. Most,if not all, premodern Japanese dictionaries took the form of rendering the headword in Chinese characters and Chinese words,while also offering a Japanese reading. This does not, however, entail that early Japanese lexicography was entirely oriented to the Chinese language:in fact,a representative portion of Japanese oriented language dictionaries were produced. Japanese readings in Japanese language dictionaries explain the Japanese use of the headword. Alternatively, Chinese-Japanese dictionaries, including Chinese character dictionaries, explain the Chinese use in the Japanese language. By virtue of this fact,they are not distinctive in their form. This essay attempts to distinguish which orientation a dictionary inclines to by focusing on its rendering of definitions of earlier Chinese dictionaries. Here,we will examine the nature of Japanese renditions in a Japanese dictionary,Ruiju myogi sho 類聚名義抄, cited from the Chinese character dictionary Tenrei bansho meigi 篆隷万象名義. Our findings suggest that Japanese renditions illustrate Chinese use rather than Japanese use, which accounts for differences in the Japanese readings and compiling strategies of the dictionaries.

著者

Terazawa Shigenori Ng ka Shing

出版者

北海道大学文学研究科

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.59-70, 2015-03

---

Religion and social stratification has been an important sociological topic since MaxWeber and Karl Marx. It continues to attract scholarly attention nowadays in the United States,giving rise to numerous empirical studies on their complex relationships. However, there is noor inadequate studies on the relations between religion and social stratification in societies that have very different cultural backgrounds compared to the U.S. This research note attempts to expand this sociological topic to non-Christian societies using Taiwan as a case study, where Christianity is not the dominant culture. It first offers a literature review of religion and social stratification in Taiwan, followed by a quantitative study based on a national survey, Taiwan Social Change Survey. Analysis is based on the data from the 2000, 2005, and 2010 dataset. This research note focuses on three important social stratification indicators, namely education level, occupation, and income, and their effects on religious affiliation. Changes in such relations over ten years are also studied. Our analysis has at least five significant findings: (1) respondents belonging to "Protestantism" and "No Religion" tend to be in the upper class. (2) Except for "Protestantism" and "No Religion," religious affiliation is affected by different social stratification indicators and such effect is particular strong for "Buddhism," "Taoism," and "Folk religion." While (3) "Catholics" have declining score in occupation and income level, (4) "Buddhists" are achieving higher status in occupation. (5) Education, occupation, and income level are increasing for "Yiguan Dao" practitioners.

著者

Lai Wai Ling

出版者

Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

Journal of the Graduate School of Letters (ISSN:18808832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.81-87, 2010-03

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Since April 2009, a new approach to teaching Academic Writing has been developed as a project of applied philosophy. This approach aims to improve graduate student's academic writing skills by improving their logical thinking skills rather than merely language skills. Under this approach, teachers of the Academic Writing course are mainly philosophers, and students of the course are required to learn how to form logically valid arguments rather than just grammatically correct sentences. The objective of this paper is to explain why it is important to learn logical thinking skills for academic writing, and how philosophers can deliver that kind of training. In section 2, we shall explain why the training of logical thinking skills is important for writing academic papers by highlighting a common misunderstanding about academic writing. In section 3, we shall show how the training of logical thinking skills can be practically applied. In section 4, we shall present the results achieved by our academic writing course so far (between April and October 2009).