著者

小山 静子

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学下田歌子記念女性総合研究所 年報 = The Annual Bulletin of the Shimoda Utako Research Institute for Woman (ISSN:24342718)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.(71)-(86), 2021-03-15

---

Shimoda Utako (1854–1936), a renowned female educator, was severely criticized in the socialist daily newspaper The Heimin Shinbun in 1907. The newspaper insulted her and printed as many as 41 serial articles between February 24th and April 13th where she was referred to as “the vamp.” This paper examines the logic and background of the Shimoda-bashing in relation to contemporary insults directed at female students, and considers their historical meaning. The results are the following. First, Shimoda, along with female students, was sexualized, and baselessly slandered in the media as being sexually “corrupt.” Second, both Shimoda and female students were perceived as threats to the conventional gender order, who challenged the traditional idea of femininity, since Shimoda was active in a male-dominated area and female students were considered to be getting secondary education that was supposed to belong to men. Third, Shimoda, in particular, was seen as an “enemy of the working class” by socialists in the context of class conflict. The relentless personal attacks on Shimoda were based on a two-fold antipathy toward her, induced by class politics as well as gender politics.

著者

志渡岡 理恵

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学下田歌子記念女性総合研究所 年報 = The Annual Bulletin of the Shimoda Utako Research Institute for Woman (ISSN:24342718)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.1-13, 2021-03-15

---

This paper examines the policies and practices of Newnham College, one of the oldest women’s colleges at the University of Cambridge. Newnham and the other women’s colleges—Murray Edwards and Lucy Cavendish—have made various efforts to redress persisting gender inequality. Considering that many women continue to be treated unfairly and that there is a need for a college that focuses specifically on women’s learning, these colleges provide their students with academic, pastoral, and financial support. In addition, their alumnae guide current students in finding work and choosing a career. Newnham College also propagates gender equality via its homepage. It presents accounts of the projects carried out on International Women’s Day. For example, to mark Women’s Day in 2017, it held a Wikipedia edit-a-thon to make the Internet less sexist by creating profiles of eminent women. Furthermore, it founded the Woolf Essay Prize, which is open to girls aged 12 in UK schools and designed to give them the opportunity to think about gender equality. In 2011, it established a Literary Archive, collecting rare books, letters, drafts of published work, memoirs, and photographs to inspire students to write. Through such initiatives, Newnham College continues to provide students with an academic, active, and stimulating environment, and supports them in multiple ways. It has thus produced independent women, having helped them to prepare for work and life.

著者

山下 早代子

出版者

実践女子大学

雑誌

実践女子大学下田歌子記念女性総合研究所 年報 = The Annual Bulletin of the Shimoda Utako Research Institute for Woman (ISSN:24342718)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.15-33, 2019-03-15

---

This article gives an overview of the current trends in research in female language and in what way the perspective under which this research is carried out will change. Influenced by the problems raised in earlier studies (Jugaku, 1979; Ide, 1997; Nakamura, 2012), recent research has seen a growing body of studies addressing sentence final particles, personal pronouns, discussions of discourse, etc. Along with that, inspired by the research on the influence of gender on language use by Lakoff (1973), many researchers have analyzed women's language from the viewpoint of gender ideology. Additionally, research methods have changed to include various new types of data besides natural conversation and questionnaires, such as female language in novels, movies, TV dramas, translated texts, elementary school textbooks, dictionaries, blogs, cartoons, etc. From these, I will summarize the current shape of research in female language and then discuss the likely future direction of this research.