著者
新井 一寛
出版者
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科
雑誌
アジア・アフリカ地域研究 = Asian and African area studies (ISSN:13462466)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.471-488, 2007-03

This article elucidates the initial formation process of a Sufi order through a certain saint's relation with his devotees. This saint is a descendant of Prophet Muhammad. His devotees think that he has knowledge of Islam, special power by which he can even kill people, and personal magnetism. I consider that the community that is formed around the saint is one in which devotees share the original Islamic view of the world, and which represents the initial state of Sufi orders before systematization. Before the 19th century, when the institutionalization and systematization of Sufi orders by the state started, there were religious groups centering on a certain charismatic person in Egypt.
著者
横田 貴之
出版者
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科
雑誌
アジア・アフリカ地域研究 = Asian and African area studies (ISSN:13462466)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.438-453, 2007-03

This article aims to examine the goal of the political activities of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood under President Mubārak's 'democratization,' by analyzing the Reform Initiative of the Muslim Brotherhood (Mubādara al-Murshid al-'Āmm li-l-Ikhwān al- Muslimīn hawla al-Mabādi' al-'Āmma li-l-I.slāh fī Mi.sr) published in March 2004, under the leadership of the General Guide Muhammad Mahdī 'Ākif. After the severe attack by Nasser regime in the 1950s-60s, the Brotherhood succeeded in reestablishing itself as the major Islamic movement in Egypt in the 1970s. Although the Brotherhood revived as a de facto political force, the government never lifted its illegal status for fear that it might rise as a new political competitor. As a result, its socio-political power has been limited. The Reform Initiative, which I will analyze in this article, aims to reform Egypt comprehensively and serves as the framework of the Brotherhood's activities. The goal of the Brotherhood's current political activities is to realize the ideas of the Reform Initiative, which demonstrates its attempt to overcome the organizational constraints stemming from its illegal status. Whether the Brotherhood will be legalized or not is one of the most important issues in the Egypt now, and will infl uence the future of Egyptian politics.