著者

宮下 修一

出版者

中央ロー・ジャーナル編集委員会

雑誌

中央ロー・ジャーナル = Chuo Law Journal (ISSN:13496239)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.23-48, 2021-03-31

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Das Verbrauchervertragsgesetz wurde 2016 und 2018 zweimal geändert. Jedoch infolge der Beschränkung des Änderungsumfangs und des Anwendungsumfangs der geänderten Artikelist der Umfang der Abhilfe in tatsächlichen Fällen von Verbraucherschäden enger geworden.Daher möchte ich in dieser Abhandlung zunächst den Inhalt der Änderungen über die Allgemeiner Teil und Anfechtungsrecht vom Verbrauchervertrag des Verbrauchervertragsgesetz auf Grundlage des Hintergrunds der Diskussionen untersuchen, die zu diesen Änderungen geführt hat, und dann die verbleibenden Probleme klären. Danach möchte ich darüber nachdenken, wie das Verbrauchervertragsgesetz geändert werden sollte, um diese Probleme zu lösen, und wie das Verbrauchervertragsgesetz und die Gesetzgebung in Bezug auf Verbraucherschutz in Zukunft gesetzt werden sollten.

著者

安念 潤司

出版者

中央ロー・ジャーナル編集委員会

雑誌

中央ロー・ジャーナル = Chuo Law Journal (ISSN:13496239)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.139-167, 2020-12-20

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受験界で広く知られる「LRAの基準」について、薬事法違憲判決が述べているところをできるだけ厳密に再構成し、その上で、2012年の司法試験(論文式)の憲法の問題(設問は、筆者が適当に修正した)に適用する手順を解説した。

著者

伊藤 知義

出版者

中央ロー・ジャーナル編集委員会

雑誌

中央ロー・ジャーナル = Chuo Law Journal (ISSN:13496239)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.47-78, 2022-03-31

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The paper analyzes three recent "Anti LGBT Laws" in Hungary. lt focuses on their contents and the domestic reaction to harsh critiques by the EU headquarters in Brussels. Tue first statute makes it impossible for transgender or intersex people to legally change genders. The second item is the ninth amendment to the Constitution. lt says, "The mother is a woman, the father a man," thus effectively banning same-sex couples from adopting children. lt further declares that the state protects identification according to a child' s gender at birth. The third law imposes stricter actions against pedophile offenders and amends eleven child protection laws. Tue additions prohibit adults from facilitating access to pornography by people under the age of 18. They also prohibit adults from promoting or displaying (visualizing) deviations from the identity of the sex of birth, gender-change, and homosexuality to those under 18. The European Commission has condemned the laws as "anti-LGBT or homophobic" impairments of the fundamental human rights of LGBT people. The Hungarian government on the other hand describes them as "anti-pedophilia" or "child protection statutes that have no relation to the rights of adult LGBT people. Liberal segments of Hungarian society have echoed the Commission's criticisms. Conservatives have responded by branding Brussels as an arrogant colonialist infringing Hungarian sovereignty. They make the following arguments: The acts conform with the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights; LGBT people are not discriminated against in present-day Hungary; the essence of the laws is curbing pedophiliac actions; promotion of homosexuality is harming children; LGBT activists are not protecting minorities but rather attacking the majority. Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban and his allies claim that Western Europe has abandoned real "European Values," which they say are based on Christianity and family. They contend that only Central and Eastern Europe maintain those values now. These two elements, they insist are among the basic values in the Hungarian Constitution of 2011, which they were responsible for creating.