著者

山田 昌弘

出版者

中央大学社会科学研究所

雑誌

中央大社会科学研究所年報 (ISSN:13432125)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.15-30, 2022-09-01

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Nowadays, the number of middle-aged singles (people who have no spauses) has been increasing in Japan. According to the census of 2020, the number of single people of 50’s was over 5 million. The main reasons are the increases of unmarried rate and divorce rate. I conducted an internet survey and intervew surveys of the middle age single people to reserch about their life situations and anxiety in future. Acording to the survey, many middle age singles feel solitude, and most of them will face risks of pevety and isolation. Over half of Unmarried men living alone have noone talking with. The annual income of about half of women living with their parents is under 2 milion yen, so they depends on their parents’s income.And 75% of middle age singles feel they will die without anybody present.

著者

高崎 理子

出版者

中央大学社会科学研究所

雑誌

中央大社会科学研究所年報 (ISSN:13432125)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.175-188, 2022-09-01

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This paper aims to explore the significance and issues of the concept of “Spiritual Damage” proposed by Judge Cançade Trindade in his separate opinion of Moiwana community versus Suriname case. “Spiritual Damage” is not covered by the existing categories to date. It is an aggravated form of moral damage with a direct bearing on what is most intimate values to the human person, such as his/her inner self, beliefs in human destiny, relations with their dead. In the basis of the concept, there are values and beliefs unique to Judge Trindade of respect to individuals as international legal entities, understanding for various cultures, international courts’ image with their pedagogical role. The issues of the concept include the distinction between “Spiritual Damage” and moral damage, reparation measures, legal grounds, and the validity of judicial creativity. Given that there are many cultures and ways of thinking and identity, the new concept would evolve in the future.

著者

矢野 亮

出版者

中央大学社会科学研究所

雑誌

中央大社会科学研究所年報 (ISSN:13432125)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.59-81, 2022-09-01

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This study examines the Social Department of Nagano Prefecture and the history of its establishment through material analysis based on an understanding of how society has worked in rural areas. Thus, the following points were clarified. First, in Nagano Prefecture’s administrative organization, the Social Department established in the administrative reorganization in 2010, traces its roots to the establishment of the Social Department in 1921. Second, after the abolition of the Social Department in 1938, there was no organization for society-related projects in the prefectural offices for about eight years before the establishment of the Ministry of Education and Civil Affairs in 1946 after World War II. Consequently, the Ministry of Education took over projects that were previously under the supervision of the Social Department. Third, after the Social Department was abolished in 1924, it was revived in 1926 to manage funds for the activities of Social Welfare Commissioners. Therefore, as a mechanism that underpins local social projects, the Nagano Prefectural Social Department has been one of the social security systems through repeated cycles of abolition, survival, and transformation before World War II. Hence, by referencing the Social Department, hints were obtained to elucidate how society was conceived.