著者

小山 敏夫

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = 語言与文化 (ISSN:13438530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.111-127, 1998-03-01

著者

関谷 一彦

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = 語言与文化 (ISSN:13438530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.77-94, 2006-03-01

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Quarante-cinq ans environ se sont ecoules depuis le proces intente contre l'editeur et le traducteur qui publierent une traduction de Sade au Japon. Pourquoi done revenir sur ce proces aujourd'hui? Quelle valeur peut avoir une etude qui reconsidere ce qui a alors ete en jeu? La societe japonaise a beaucoup change depuis lors et avec elle le discours sur la sexualite. Il est par exemple inimaginable de nos jours qu'une traduction des oeuvres de Sade fasse l'objet d'une attaque judiciaire pour obscenite. L'objet d'une telle attaque menee par le pouvoir n'est plus aujourd'hui un texte litteraire, mais des photos, des videocassettes, des DVD et surtout des images sur l'Internet. Mais tout compte fait, bien que l'objet de l'enquete ait change, le systeme de surveillance qui prend pour cible l'obscenite reste inchange dans la societe japonaise. Get article a donc pour but de reflechir sur la question de l'obscenite a travers la discussion qui oppose la position juridique et la position litteraire dans le proces de Sade au Japon. La question de l'obscenite est au centre du proces. Du cote du procureur, on considere la traduction de Shibusawa, Suite des Prosperites du vice-l'Histoire de Juliette, comme obscene; du cote de la defense des accuses, cette oeuvre ne l'est pas. La discussion tourne cependant en rond. Pourquoi? Parce que les deux points de vue sur la question ≪Qu'est-ce que l'obscenite?≫ sont tres eloignes l'un de l'autre. Cette difference montre bien, me semble-t-il, la difference qui existe entre le point de vue du droit et celui de la litterature. Le point de vue juridique fait intervenir naturellement l'interpretation des lois. Il cherche une coherence a l'interieur de la logique juridique qui est de nature metaphysique et scolastique par la forme. Tandis que le cote de la defense des accuses insiste sur l'arbitraire de ce concept d'obscenite. Mais ce schema qui oppose le cote du procureur et celui de la defense des accuses se reproduit a l'interieur meme du cote de la defense des accuses, avec d'un cote les avocats et de l'autre les hommes de lettres. La logique des avocats suit en effet le meme cheminement que celle du procureur. Ainsi cette profonde opposition entre la position juridique et la position litteraire eclaire-t-elle bien le point essentiel du probleme de l'obscenite. Point essentiel qui est le suivant: qu'est-ce qui excite le desir sexuel? Nous envisagerons cette question plus universelle et que la discussion au centre du proces de Sade met en lumiere, pour ensuite proposer notre propre reflexion sur la question de l'obscenite.

著者

陣内 正敬

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = 語言与文化 (ISSN:13438530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.47-60, 2008-03

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日本語学習者がカタカナ語(外来語)を学習する際、どのような点にその困難を感じているかを探る目的で、全国的なアンケート調査を行った。調査は2006年7月から10月にかけて、全国の主な日本語教育機関(日本語学校、研修施設、大学、大学院など)に配布し、総計479人の外国人日本語学習者から回答を得た。彼らの母語別の内訳は、中国語49.7%、韓国・朝鮮語20.0%、英語4.2%、その他の言語26.1%であった。この調査から以下のことが明らかになった。1)カタカナ語の習得に困難さを感じるのは、学習者の母語によって大いに異なる。中国語を母語とする学習者が最も困難さを感じ、韓国・朝鮮語とその他の言語がほぼ同程度でそれに次、英語母語話者は最も抵抗が少ないことがわかった。これは、学習者の母語における語彙が、カタカナ語の由来となっている英語をはじめとする西洋語と、どの程度共通しているかによると思われる。2)カタカナ語学習要望は、学習者の英語学習期間の長短と関連が見られた。特に中国語母語話者に関しては、英語学習歴を3〜5年、6〜9年、10年以上と3つのグループに分けて比較すると、期間が短いほど熱烈な学習要望が出た。これまで日本語教育においては、カタカナ語教育はまともに扱われてこなかった。ただ、近年のカタカナ語の急増ぶりと日本語語彙の語種割合の変化を考えれば、カタカナ語教育の充実は緊急の課題といえるだろう。

著者

八木 克正

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = 語言与文化 (ISSN:13438530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.1-10, 1999-03-01

著者

八木 克正

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = 語言与文化 (ISSN:13438530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.1-17, 2006-03-01

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This study is a critical review on the theories widely (and erroneously) held on adverbials very and much from the perspective of semantic syntax, which I first advocated in Yagi (1999). Since then I have published many articles to prove its validity as a theory of linguistic analysis of English. Those articles cover such wide range of areas as syntax and semantics of predicative adjectives, predicative nouns, verb complementation, and such phraseological units as "pretty much," "forget it" and "forget about it," and "but also." This article has double purposes: to disprove the various fallacies about very and much, on one hand, and to prove the validity of the theory of semantic syntax on the other. An example of erroneous views on very and much is that, in the case of -ed pre-modification by much or very, very modifies adjectives and therefore -ed's modified by very are adjectives, while much modifies the past participle of the verb and the -ed's modified by much are therefore verbs in their past participle forms. Thus, the concerned in Jane is very concerned about her son is an adjective because it is modified by very, while the concerned in Jane is much concerned with appearances is the past participle of the verb concern because it is modified by much. This kind of theory, because it disregards the semantic aspects of very and much, explains very little about English grammar. It is apparent that much and very have many aspects of contrast in their syntactic behavior, and their analyses and discussions have their foci on their syntactic differences. It seems almost impossible, however, to uniformly explain why they behave so differently in syntax without taking their semantic differences into consideration. Semantic syntax is concerned with how meaning, which is not directly observable, is represented in directly observable syntactic forms. If a grammatical theory does not refer to the meanings of syntactic forms, its significance is greatly reduced. Language is not so semantically vacuous as to allow us to find explanations only in syntax. This paper explains how very and much, especially "very much" as a phraseological unit, are semantically different and, therefore, how they behave syntactically differently.

著者

山田 武雄

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = 語言与文化 (ISSN:13438530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.83-99, 2004-03-01

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Robert Frost (1874-1963) published his 8th book of poetry, Steeple Bush (1947), when he was 73 years old. As an aged person, he was afraid that general readers as well as his literary critics might think that he was already past his poetic prime. As if he tried to show his youthfulness, he actually cultivated in Steeple Bush new fields of his poetic world, one of which was to write several political satires or epigrams against atomic bombs. These poems are often neglected, and the white-haired poet also didn't mention them or seldom read them in his public lectures. This is because he wanted to be an influential, great poet-statesman as he sometimes said clearly in public. He was afraid that these poems might bring him bad effects if they were too direct and attacked the government authorities too severely, which was the reason he chose poetic forms of epigram or satire and took an ambiguous, optimistic attitude. In a sense he was right in writing this kind of difficult poems of epigram or satire, because these poems didn't attract so much attention, and he was chosen to read his best-known, patriotic poem, "The Gift Outright," by J. F. Kennedy at his presidential inauguration. Although these poems are so ambiguous and at the same time difficult that we are apt to be irritated in trying to understand the real state of his mind, we should pay more attention to them. When we read them carefully we can understand his humanitarian character and gradually realize that he couldn't help protesting "a new Holocaust" (CPPP 399) as "a political separatist," not as a propagandist, although these poems were too idealistic and optimistic.

著者

嶋村 誠

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

言語と文化 = 語言与文化 (ISSN:13438530)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.19-31, 2000-03