著者

山崎 勝之 内田 香奈子 Katsuyuki YAMASAKI Kanako UCHIDA

出版者

鳴門教育大学

雑誌

鳴門教育大学研究紀要 = Research bulletin of Educational Sciences, Naruto University of Education (ISSN:13434403)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.1-10, 2005-03-04

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Questionnaires are often administered in survey studies in psychology. The reason why they are used more frequently than the other methods, such as observations and interviews, is that they have greater merits in time and costs. However, the questionnaires have low accuracy to measure psychological characteristics, specifically psychological constructs, such as personality, affection, and cognition. So, in order to improve their measurement accuracy, it becomes essential to be careful to develop and administer them. In this paper, after indicating the low measurement accuracy of the questionnaires, we presented various methodological considerations when developing the Japanese versions of the questionnaires based on their original versions in foreign countries, and furthermore the original Japanese versions. Above all, we explained in great detail the process to develop the questionnaires that are original to Japan. The process contained the precise understanding of concepts to measure, how to answer the questionnaires (e.g., self-report or report by others), collection of items, and general standardization methods concerning reliability and validity. In addition, we called attention to a number of points to notice when administering the questionnaires to groups. Lastly, we closed the paper, emphasizing that the attempt to enhance the level of standardization is never ending.

著者

梅津 正美 Masami UMEZU

出版者

鳴門教育大学

雑誌

鳴門教育大学研究紀要 = Research bulletin of Educational Sciences, Naruto University of Education (ISSN:13434403)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.167-178, 2003-03-07

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The aim in this paper is to clarify the theory on the teaching history for contemporary social studies based on social history. In this paper, I will examine the American Studies Program for 7・8th graders, "Our Social and Cultural History" developed by Frank Alweis in the U.S.A. The results of analysis are as follows: (1) The principal goal of this program is to make students foster the sense of trend, develop the ability to assess the quality of contemporary society through understanding how and why American life and society have developed into what it is today. (2) Key elements of the methodology are: (1) to organize the instructional contents to conceptualize the process of modernization by examining social structure, social consciousness, and social issues from the viewpoint of social activities of ordinary people and expanding social life space. (2) to develop the learning process from the step to interpret motivations for action, and meanings using narrative readings to the step to examine value-related issues in historical context by class-discussion.