著者

Lin Lin Wan Chunli Liu Xiang Lee Duu-Jong Lei Zhongfang Zhang Yi Hwa Tay Joo

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Bioresource technology (ISSN:09608524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, pp.302-308, 2013-05

被引用文献数

51

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Effects of initial pH (3–12) on mesophilic hydrolysis and acidification reactions of swine manure was studied. The initial pH changed the microbial community in the suspension so as to affect hydrolysis and acidification reactions on swine manure. At pH 10–12 the Clostridium alkalicellum and/or Corynebacterium humireducens were enriched and the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), proteins and carbohydrates from manure were increased in quantities. In particular, at pH 10 the VFA concentration peaked at 13,600 mg-COD/L, with acetate and propionate accounting for 71.8% of the total VFAs. Acidic environment facilitates release of ammonium from manure. The Butyricimonas sp. was found existing at initial pH 5 which led to accumulated quantities of butyrate. Initial pH adjustment was revealed to be an effective way to manipulate rates and end products of hydrolysis and acidification of swine manure.

著者

Shi Wansheng Liu Chunguang Ding Dahu Lei Zhongfang Yang Yingnan Feng Chuanping Zhang Zhenya

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Bioresource technology (ISSN:09608524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, pp.18-24, 2013-06

被引用文献数

183 7

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Heavy metals (HMs) immobilization in sewage sludge was investigated by using subcritical water technology (SCWT) in this study. The characteristics of sludge and toxicity of HMs were analyzed after SCWT process. The results showed that besides large reduction in sludge volume, SCWT had some positive effect on HMs dissolution into liquid phase, while the majority of HMs was still accumulated in solid phase. The direct toxicity and bioavailability of HMs in sludge was greatly decreased with no toxicity fractions of HMs highly increased. Pb was always at low risk level and the risk of other HMs was greatly reduced from low risk to no risk after SCWT treatment. Moreover, the leaching toxicity of HMs declined after SCWT and the best result was obtained at 280 °C with the metal concentrations in leachate decreased by 97.46%, 93.91%, 86.14%, 73.67%, 71.93% and 10.71% for Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb, respectively.

著者

Wang Tunyen Yabar Helmut Higano Yoshiro

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Bioresource technology (ISSN:09608524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, pp.688-696, 2013-01

被引用文献数

24 4

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In this study, an upper limit in the solar energy conversion efficiency which can be translated to a maximum potential algal yield of a large-scale culture is calculated based on the algal productivity model in which light and nutrient are made the growth rate limiting factors, and taking the design characteristics of the cultivation system into account. Our results indicate that for the production of low-cost biodiesel within the limits of the wastewater quality standards, that the culturing of high lipid content algae within a raceway pond would provide an appropriate solution for manufacturing biodiesel from algae. However, due to inefficient sunlight utilization and due to the large amount of fertilizer required in raceway ponds, a greater effluent recycle rate would have to be implemented to reduce the amount of fertilizer discharge to meet the wastewater quality standards and to maximize the attainable productivity of algal biomass.

著者

Lei Zhongfang Wu Ting Zhang Yi Liu Xiang Wan Chunli Lee Duu-Jong Tay Joo-Hwa

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Bioresource technology (ISSN:09608524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, pp.774-778, 2013-01

被引用文献数

15 1

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Soil infiltration treatment (SIT) is ineffective to treat ammonium wastewaters of total nitrogen (TN) > 100 mg l−1. This study applied a novel two-stage SIT process for effective TN removal from wastewaters of TN > 100 mg l−1 and of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/TN ratio of 3.2–8.6. The wastewater was first fed into the soil column (stage 1) at hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 0.06 m3 m−2 d−1 for COD removal and total phosphorus (TP) immobilization. Then the effluent from stage 1 was fed individually into four soil columns (stage 2) at 0.02 m3 m−2 d−1 of HLR with different proportions of raw wastewater as additional carbon source. Over the one-year field test, balanced nitrification and denitrification in the two-stage SIT revealed excellent TN removal (>90%) from the tested wastewaters.