著者

Yoshimura Shige H. Kumeta Masahiro Takeyasu Kunio

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Structure (ISSN:09692126)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.12, pp.1699-1710, 2014-11

被引用文献数

27

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タンパク質が核膜孔を通り抜ける際の構造変化を解明 -細胞核内部への遺伝子導入技術への応用に期待-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-11-27.

著者

Kishimura Hideki Hayashi Kenji

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Food Chemistry (ISSN:03088146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.3, pp.407-411, 2005-09

被引用文献数

6

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Phospholipase A (PLA) activities in the pyloric ceca and viscera from seven species of marine invertebrates (four starfish, one sea urchin, and two shellfish) were determined. Relatively high PLA specific activities were found in the pyloric ceca of two species of starfish (Coscinasterias acutispina and Plazaster borealis). Phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) were partially purified from the pyloric ceca of the starfish, C. acutispina PLA2 (C-PLA2) and P. borealis PLA2 (P-PLA2). The C-PLA2 and P-PLA2 mainly released oleic acid from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Temperature optima of the C-PLA2 and P-PLA2 were at around 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively, and pH optima of the C-PLA2 and P-PLA2 were both at around pH 10.0. The activities of the C-PLA2 and P-PLA2 were enhanced by sodium deoxycholate and 1 mM or higher concentration of Ca2+. The C-PLA2 and P-PLA2 did not show the fatty acid specificity for hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. Unlike porcine pancreatic PLA2, the C-PLA2 and P-PLA2 hydrolyzed phosphatidylcholine more effectively than phosphatidylethanolamine.

著者

Hino Hideitsu Murata Noboru

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Neural networks (ISSN:08936080)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.260-275, 2013-10

被引用文献数

11 2

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The Shannon information content is a valuable numerical characteristic of probability distributions. The problem of estimating the information content from an observed dataset is very important in the fields of statistics, information theory, and machine learning. The contribution of the present paper is in proposing information estimators, and showing some of their applications. When the given data are associated with weights, each datum contributes differently to the empirical average of statistics. The proposed estimators can deal with this kind of weighted data. Similar to other conventional methods, the proposed information estimator contains a parameter to be tuned, and is computationally expensive. To overcome these problems, the proposed estimator is further modified so that it is more computationally efficient and has no tuning parameter. The proposed methods are also extended so as to estimate the cross-entropy, entropy, and Kullback–Leibler divergence. Simple numerical experiments show that the information estimators work properly. Then, the estimators are applied to two specific problems, distribution-preserving data compression, and weight optimization for ensemble regression.

著者

Choi Yuran Suzuki Tsutomu

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Applied geography (ISSN:01436228)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.87-98, 2013-09

被引用文献数

15

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This study attempts to identify areas with a high level of discrepancy in the probability for an individual to exceed the threshold of walking time for grocery shopping. It is based on an assumption that a higher discrepancy is associated with more relative disadvantages for socially excluded people, the elderly, with no car and unemployed. A geographically weighted logistic model that incorporates individual constraints and spatial accessibility is developed to yield a probability, capturing the spatial variation of relations of factors. In the city of Tokyo, the north-eastern area shows a significant discrepancy for the socially excluded group. The distribution of high level of discrepancy differs compared to that of the area with low accessibility. This study's methodology and results provide convincing evidence that in determining food desert areas, relative accessibility estimated with personal attributes should be taken into account.

著者

Wada Shigeki Hama Takeo

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Estuarine, coastal and shelf science (ISSN:02727714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, pp.77-85, 2013-09

被引用文献数

47 1

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coastal environments has various origins; one of the most intensely studied sources is terrestrial DOM input via rivers. On the other hand, contributions from other significant DOM sources, such as macroalgae, to the coastal DOM pool have not been extensively studied. The present study quantified the contribution of macroalgae to the DOM pool in the coastal environment using, firstly, a bag-covering experiment on a brown alga, Ecklonia cava, and identifying fluorescent DOM components by parallel factor analysis of three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix spectra. Using the fluorescent DOM as an indicator, we evaluated the horizontal distribution of macroalgal DOM in the coastal area, showing that the fluorescent DOM component had a synchronous gradient with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations along the transect line from the coast to offshore. On the basis of the correlation between DOC and fluorescent DOM, we evaluated concentrations of DOC originating from macroalgae, accounting for up to 20% of total DOC concentrations. This implies that in contrast to previous studies, macroalgae do make a measurable contribution to the coastal DOM pool.

著者

Afendi Mohd Abdul Majid M.S. Daud Ruslizam Abdul Rahman A. Teramoto Tokuo

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

International journal of adhesion and adhesives (ISSN:01437496)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.21-31, 2013-09

被引用文献数

22 2

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This paper deals with strength and failure prediction as well as reliability issues of adhesive joints of brittle epoxy bonding of two dissimilar adherends. Effects of bond thickness and scarf angle upon the strength of such joints are also addressed. Three kinds of adhesive joints, i.e., butt, scarf and shear joints, are considered. It is found that the strength prediction of various adhesive joints under consideration can be done by establishing interface corner toughness, Hc, parameter. For adhesive joints with an interfacial crack, fracture toughness, Jc, or interfacial toughness, Kc, can be used as a fracture criterion depending on the fracture type observed. The predicted strengths based on these fracture criteria (i.e., Hc, Jc and Kc) are in good agreement with experimental data obtained. Weibull modulus is a suitable parameter to define the strength reliability of adhesive joints. From experimental data, scarf joint of 45° is identified to be preferable since it satisfies both outstanding load-bearing performance and tolerable reliability. In addition, the Weibull statistical method has made possible the strength reliability determination of non-cracked adhesive joints.

著者

Afendi Mohd Teramoto Tokuo Bakri Hairul Bin

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

International journal of adhesion and adhesives (ISSN:01437496)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.402-411, 2011-09

被引用文献数

68 16

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In this study, strength of epoxy adhesively bonded scarf joints of dissimilar adherends, namely SUS304 stainless steel and YH75 aluminum alloy is examined on several scarf angles and various bond thicknesses under uniaxial tensile loading. Scarf angle, θ=45°, 60° and 75° are employed. The bond thickness, t between the dissimilar adherends is controlled to be ranged between 0.1 and 1.2 mm. Finite element (FE) analysis is also executed to investigate the stress distributions in the adhesive layer of scarf joints by ANSYS 11 code. As a result, the apparent Young's modulus of adhesive layer in scarf joints is found to be 1.5–5 times higher than those of bulk epoxy adhesive, which has been obtained from tensile tests. For scarf joint strength prediction, the existing failure criteria (i.e. maximum principal stress and Mises equivalent stress) cannot satisfactorily estimate the present experimental results. Though the measured stress multiaxiality of scarf joints proportionally increases as the scarf angle increases, the experimental results do not agree with the theoretical values. From analytical solutions, stress singularity exists most pronouncedly at the steel/adhesive interface corner of joint having 45–75° scarf angle. The failure surface observations confirm that the failure has always initiated at this apex. This is also in agreement with stress-y distribution obtained within FE analysis. Finally, the strength of scarf joints bonded with brittle adhesive can be best predicted by interface corner toughness, Hc parameter.

著者

Liu Chunguang Shi Wansheng Kim Mijung Yang Yingnan Lei Zhongfang Zhang Zhenya

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

International journal of hydrogen energy (ISSN:03603199)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.18, pp.7246-7252, 2013-06

被引用文献数

21

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Photocatalytic pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) using a flat photocatalytic reactor was undertaken. Photocatalytic pretreatment enhanced the release of soluble substances from WAS, in which the soluble protein and soluble carbohydrate concentration increased by about 50% and 80%, respectively. Significant removal of heavy metal ions from the liquid phase of WAS was also achieved after photocatalytic pretreatment. In addition, the highest hydrogen yield and the highest concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were achieved from the photocatalysis pretreated WAS by batch anaerobic digestion (55 °C). The cumulative hydrogen yield from photocatalysis pretreated WAS was 211.0 ml/l-sludge, much higher than those from UV pretreated WAS (111.0 ml/l-sludge) and from raw WAS (93.0 ml/l-sludge). The results indicate that photocatalysis is a promising WAS pretreatment method for the enhancement of biohydrogen production, probably due to the photo-oxidation of organics and simultaneous photo-reduction of heavy metal ions in WAS.

著者

Ito Hiroshi Maeda Tetsuhiko Nakano Akihiro Hwang Chul Min Ishida Masayoshi Kato Atsushi Yoshida Tetsuya

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

International journal of hydrogen energy (ISSN:03603199)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.9, pp.7418-7428, 2012-05

被引用文献数

132 11

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Experimentalstudy on proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer was carried out focusing on the effect of pore structural properties of currentcollectors, such as porosity and pore diameter. Various titanium (Ti)-felt substrates with different porosities and pore diameters (measured by capillary flow porometry) were used as the anode currentcollector. Results show that when the mean pore diameter of the currentcollector was larger than 10 μm, the electrolysis performance improved with decreasing pore diameter. In contrast, changes in porosity had no significant effect on the cell performance when the porosity exceeded 0.50. The flow pattern of two-phase flow in the flow channel was discussed in terms of its relationship to bubble size and to pore diameter of the currentcollector. Finally, correlation between the calculated membrane resistance and the measured pore diameter of the currentcollectors suggest that larger bubbles generated from larger pores tend to become long bubbles in the channel, thus hindering the water supply to the membrane.

著者

Lin Lin Wan Chunli Liu Xiang Lee Duu-Jong Lei Zhongfang Zhang Yi Hwa Tay Joo

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Bioresource technology (ISSN:09608524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, pp.302-308, 2013-05

被引用文献数

51

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Effects of initial pH (3–12) on mesophilic hydrolysis and acidification reactions of swine manure was studied. The initial pH changed the microbial community in the suspension so as to affect hydrolysis and acidification reactions on swine manure. At pH 10–12 the Clostridium alkalicellum and/or Corynebacterium humireducens were enriched and the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), proteins and carbohydrates from manure were increased in quantities. In particular, at pH 10 the VFA concentration peaked at 13,600 mg-COD/L, with acetate and propionate accounting for 71.8% of the total VFAs. Acidic environment facilitates release of ammonium from manure. The Butyricimonas sp. was found existing at initial pH 5 which led to accumulated quantities of butyrate. Initial pH adjustment was revealed to be an effective way to manipulate rates and end products of hydrolysis and acidification of swine manure.

著者

Shi Wansheng Liu Chunguang Ding Dahu Lei Zhongfang Yang Yingnan Feng Chuanping Zhang Zhenya

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Bioresource technology (ISSN:09608524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, pp.18-24, 2013-06

被引用文献数

180 7

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Heavy metals (HMs) immobilization in sewage sludge was investigated by using subcritical water technology (SCWT) in this study. The characteristics of sludge and toxicity of HMs were analyzed after SCWT process. The results showed that besides large reduction in sludge volume, SCWT had some positive effect on HMs dissolution into liquid phase, while the majority of HMs was still accumulated in solid phase. The direct toxicity and bioavailability of HMs in sludge was greatly decreased with no toxicity fractions of HMs highly increased. Pb was always at low risk level and the risk of other HMs was greatly reduced from low risk to no risk after SCWT treatment. Moreover, the leaching toxicity of HMs declined after SCWT and the best result was obtained at 280 °C with the metal concentrations in leachate decreased by 97.46%, 93.91%, 86.14%, 73.67%, 71.93% and 10.71% for Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb, respectively.

著者

Tanji Takayuki Takahashi Kosuke Noro Fumiyuki

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Research in autism spectrum disorders (ISSN:17509467)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.276-287, 2013-02

被引用文献数

8

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We examined the effects of constructed-response matching-to-sample (CRMTS) training on the generalization of reading and spelling skills in three Japanese children with autism using a series of overlapping-syllable word sets. We taught them to construct printed words to match printed words, spoken words, and pictures through the CRMTS procedure. Hence, two participants performed well in the generalized reading and spelling skills of untrained words. However, one participant did not meet the criterion for the generalization of reading and spelling skills. We taught her to break a word into each syllable as a differential observing response to the sample in the task. The modified CRMTS procedure enabled her to establish the generalized reading and spelling skills. This study discusses that the procedure and the modified CRMTS with differential observing response are effective for acquisition of generalized reading and spelling skills in children with autism.

著者

Nakazawa Nobuko Hanamura Shunkichi Inoue Eiji Nakatsukasa Masato Nakamura Michio

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Journal of human evolution (ISSN:00472484)

巻号頁・発行日

2013-05-21

被引用文献数

21

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東アフリカのチンパンジーが同所的に生息するヒョウに食べられている最初の証拠を発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2013-05-21.

著者

Wang Tunyen Yabar Helmut Higano Yoshiro

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Bioresource technology (ISSN:09608524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, pp.688-696, 2013-01

被引用文献数

23 4

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In this study, an upper limit in the solar energy conversion efficiency which can be translated to a maximum potential algal yield of a large-scale culture is calculated based on the algal productivity model in which light and nutrient are made the growth rate limiting factors, and taking the design characteristics of the cultivation system into account. Our results indicate that for the production of low-cost biodiesel within the limits of the wastewater quality standards, that the culturing of high lipid content algae within a raceway pond would provide an appropriate solution for manufacturing biodiesel from algae. However, due to inefficient sunlight utilization and due to the large amount of fertilizer required in raceway ponds, a greater effluent recycle rate would have to be implemented to reduce the amount of fertilizer discharge to meet the wastewater quality standards and to maximize the attainable productivity of algal biomass.

著者

Lei Zhongfang Wu Ting Zhang Yi Liu Xiang Wan Chunli Lee Duu-Jong Tay Joo-Hwa

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Bioresource technology (ISSN:09608524)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, pp.774-778, 2013-01

被引用文献数

15 1

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Soil infiltration treatment (SIT) is ineffective to treat ammonium wastewaters of total nitrogen (TN) > 100 mg l−1. This study applied a novel two-stage SIT process for effective TN removal from wastewaters of TN > 100 mg l−1 and of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/TN ratio of 3.2–8.6. The wastewater was first fed into the soil column (stage 1) at hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 0.06 m3 m−2 d−1 for COD removal and total phosphorus (TP) immobilization. Then the effluent from stage 1 was fed individually into four soil columns (stage 2) at 0.02 m3 m−2 d−1 of HLR with different proportions of raw wastewater as additional carbon source. Over the one-year field test, balanced nitrification and denitrification in the two-stage SIT revealed excellent TN removal (>90%) from the tested wastewaters.

著者

Sato Yosuke Inoue Shutaro Suzuki Akira Nabeshima Katsusuke Sakai Ko

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Journal of symbolic computation (ISSN:07477171)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.5, pp.622-632, 2011-05

被引用文献数

12 16

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In recent years, Boolean Gröbner bases have attracted the attention of many researchers, mainly in connection with cryptography. Several sophisticated methods have been developed for the computation of Boolean Gröbner bases. However, most of them only deal with Boolean polynomial rings over the simplest coefficient Boolean ring View the MathML source. Boolean Gröbner bases for arbitrary coefficient Boolean rings were first introduced by two of the authors almost two decades ago. While the work is not well-known among computer algebra researchers, recent active work on Boolean Gröbner bases inspired us to return to their development. In this paper, we introduce our work on Boolean Gröbner bases with arbitrary coefficient Boolean rings.

著者

Taketoshi Ayako Beh Xin Ning Kuwabara Junpei Koizumi Take-aki Kanbara Takaki

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Tetrahedron letters (ISSN:00404039)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.28, pp.3573-3576, 2012-07

被引用文献数

22

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The ruthenium(III) complex bearing phenylpyridine as acyclometalated ligand serves as an efficient catalyst for the aerobicoxidativedehydrogenation of benzylalcohols to the corresponding benzaldehydes under mild conditions and for the one-pot synthesis of benzonitriles from benzylalcohols with ammonia.

著者

Sakai Tomoko Hirata Satoshi Fuwa Kohki Sugama Keiko Kusunoki Kiyo Makishima Haruyuki Eguchi Tatsuya Yamada Shigehito Ogihara Naomichi Takeshita Hideko

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Current biology : CB (ISSN:09609822)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.18, pp.R791-R792, 2012-09-25

被引用文献数

57

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世界で初めてチンパンジー胎児の脳成長が明らかに : ヒトの脳の巨大化はすでに胎児期からスタート. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-09-25.

著者

Suzuki Shinichi Shinjo Yasushi Hirotsu Toshio Itano Kozo Kato Kazuhiko

出版者

Elsevier Ltd.

雑誌

Journal of Network and Computer Applications (ISSN:10848045)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.1275-1282, 2007-11

被引用文献数

5 2

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In conventional egress network access control (NAC) based on access control lists (ACLs),modifying the ACLs is a heavy task for administrators. To enable configuration without a largeamount of administrators’ effort, we introduce capabilities to egress NAC. In our method, a user cantransfer his/her access rights (capabilities) to other persons without asking administrators. To realizeour method, we use a DNS cache server and a router. A resolver of the client sends the user name,domain name, and service name to the DNS cache server. The DNS server issues capabilitiesaccording to a policy and sends them to the client. The client puts these capabilities into the IP optionsof packets and sends them to the router. The router verifies the capabilities, and determines whether topass or block the packets. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of our method indetail. Experimental results show that our method does not reduce the router’s performance.