著者
Kuniaki Nagayama
出版者
THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.10, pp.2725-2731, 2004-10-15 (Released:2007-07-25)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
5

Conventional phase retrieval in transmission microscopy is applicable only to weak objects that perturb the incidence with a phase that is π⁄2 or smaller. We propose a novel phase retrieval technique applicable to strong objects. The innovation core is the scanning of a knife-edge, which is conventionally fixed to recover phase information. The synchronous operation between the scanning of the knife-edge and the image accumulation enables a novel spatial filter, which draws phase retardations by objects in the form of their first derivative. Combining the left- and right-scanning of the knife-edge can completely expel image components that are non-linear to the wavefront functions. Theoretical formulation of knife-edge scanning filters and corresponding numerical simulations specific to an electron microscope are proposed.
著者
Isamu Sakai Yoshinori Hayakawa
出版者
THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.10, pp.104802, 2006-10-15 (Released:2009-08-27)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2

We carried out experiments on the collective crystal growth of sucrose into a form of candy known as Kompeitoh. We examined the process for the selection of granule size and the number of spikes formed on the crystal surface. We found that the characteristic size of spikes was proportional to the size of granules in the steady-state regime, although the proportionality coefficient was dependent on conditions such as the initial shape of the crystals. A selection process of surface structure during the crystallization appears to have been caused by the distribution process of sucrose solution during the mixing of granules. In addition, a phenomenological model of surface growth based on the obtained experimental results is presented herein.
著者
Dai Aoki Yasuhisa Katayama Rikio Settai Yoshihiko Inada Yoshichika Onuki Hisatomo Harima Zbigniew Kletowski
出版者
THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.12, pp.3988-3995, 1997-12-01 (Released:1999-10-01)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
59

We have measured the de Haas-van Alphen effect of PrPb_3 whose antiferroquadrupolar ordering occurs at 0.4, K.Main Fermi surfaces consist of four closed ones, which are almost spherical. These Fermi surfaces are the same as those of a non-f / reference compound LaPb_3 in topology, although the cyclotron effective masses are 2 to 6 times larger than those of LaPb_3. The cyclotron effective masses are temperature-dependent, which starts gradually with decreasing the temperature below 1, K. A metamagnetic transition is also found to occur at about 70, kOe below 0.6, K through the magnetization, magnetostriction and AC susceptibility measurements. These phenomena are closely related to the antiferroquadrupolar ordering at 0.4, K.
著者
Blake David Robson Robert E.
出版者
THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.12, pp.3556-3559, 2001-12-15
被引用文献数
4

In a recent article [Yamamoto and Ikuta: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68 (1999) 2602] state that the true origin of negative differential conductivity (NDC) has never been shown, in apparent contradiction of claims made in earlier papers [Z. Lj et al..: Aust. J. Phys. 37 (1984) 23; R. E. Robson: ibid. 37 (1984) 35]. In the present paper, we argue that the true origin of NDC has indeed been explained satisfactorily, and present a comprehensive range of calculations for a number of cases, demonstrating the effectiveness of momentum transfer theory [Hot electron transport in semiconductors (Springer, Berlin, 1985) p. 82] for understanding NDC from both a qualitative and quantitative perspective.
著者
Okutani Makoto Jo Takeo
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.2, pp.598-606, 2000-02-15
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
3

The spin (Ms) and orbital magnetic moments (Mo) of a Co atom arecalculated for various superlattices of Co atoms in fcc Pd or Cu matrixon the basis of the tight-binding model including s, p and d orbits,where the intraatomic multipole interaction between d electrons is takeninto account with the Hartree-Fock approximation. A test calculation forpure Fe, Co and Ni with use of parameters obtained by fitting withthe first-principles calculation shows that the method well describes theratio Mo/Ms. Two types of enhancement of Mo of the Co atom insuperlattices are proposed based on a semi-quantitative calculation withassuming ferromagnetism. In the Pd matrix, the enhancement is shown toarise from the increase of the lattice parameter, which causes the narrowing of3d density of states; the atomic environment of a Co atom in the matrix, i.e., the numbers ofneighboring Co or Pd atoms are the minor effect. In the Cu matrix, on the otherhand, the difference in the effective hybridization in the 3d statebetween Co-Co and Co-Cu pairs mainly determines the extent of the narrowing of Co 3d states andtherefore the extent of the enhancement. If all the nearest neighbors of a Co atom are occupied by Cu atoms, it isshown that Mo can be comparable to Ms.
著者
Nakano Takashi Fukuyama Hidetoshi
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.8, pp.2489-2499, 1981-08-15
被引用文献数
1 111

Our previous calculations of the lattice distortion and the formation energy ofa soliton in the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin-Peierlssystems are refined and extended to the case of X Y-Z model. The spin degree offreedom are represented by the phase Hamiltonian with the help of boson repre-sentation of fermions introduced by the Jordan-Wigner transformation. Parame-ters in this phase Hamiltonian are adjusted so that spin wave velocity and exponentof correlation function agree with exact results. This adjustment is shown togive also exact spin susceptibility in the absence of lattice distortion. Based onthis phase Hamiltonian of the X Y-Z model localized excitations (solitons) inthe presence of lattice distortions are examined in details including the width,the formation energy and the magnetic field dependence.
著者
Akiba Kazuto Miyake Atsushi Yaguchi Hiroshi Matsuo Akira Kindo Koichi Tokunaga Masashi
出版者
The Physical Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:13474073)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, 2015-04-24
被引用文献数
33

The in-plane resistivity, Hall resistivity, and magnetization of graphite were investigated in pulsed magnetic fields applied along the c-axis. The Hall resistivity approaches zero at approximately 53 T where the in-plane and out-of-plane resistivities steeply decrease. The differential magnetization also shows an anomaly at around this field with an amplitude similar to that of de Haas–van Alphen oscillations at lower fields. This transition field appears insensitive to disorder, but reduces with hole doping. These results suggest the realization of the quantum limit states above 53 T. As a plausible explanation for the observed gapped out-of-plane conduction above 53 T, the emergence of the excitonic BCS-like state in graphite is proposed.UTokyo Research掲載「量子極限状態における励起子のBCS的状態の可能性」 URI: http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/utokyo-research/research-news/possible-excitonic-bcs-like-state-in-the-quantum-limit-state.htmlUTokyo Research "Possible excitonic BCS-like state in the quantum limit state" URI: http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/utokyo-research/research-news/possible-excitonic-bcs-like-state-in-the-quantum-limit-state.html
著者
Jones W. Vernon
出版者
Physical Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, pp.101-107, 2009

The cosmic-ray community has produced a steady stream of science results with both space-based and balloon-borne experiments. Low-energy cosmic rays have been studied with satellites since the dawn of the space age, but stratospheric balloons have provided all of the direct high-energy data. Results extending beyond 10<sup>14</sup>eV from balloon flights in Antarctica now overlap indirect ground based observations in the energy range below the knee (∼3 ×10<sup>15</sup>eV). Ultra long-duration balloon flights with super-pressure balloons might allow direct observations to reach 10<sup>15</sup>eV within the next decade, but larger aperture space missions with longer exposures may be needed to connect cosmic ray composition to supernovae. Space instruments looking down on the Earth's atmosphere, creating a detector as wide as the Earth, could provide information about astrophysical accelerators involving the intense gravity around black holes, neutron stars, and the largest electromagnetic fields known.
著者
Steeb W.-H. Kunick A. Strampp W.
出版者
一般社団法人 日本物理学会
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.8, pp.2649-2653, 1983
被引用文献数
16

To find integrable and nonintegrable regions of the Rikitake two disc dynamo system we investigate its Painlev&eacute; property. This means we perform a singular point analysis. This analysis gives us a hint where global constants of motion exist. We also investigate related systems.
著者
Kunick A. Steeb W.-H.
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.4, pp.1220-1223, 1985-04-15
被引用文献数
15

Two coupled dynamical systems which both behave chaotically without coupling are studied. The coupling is linear. We show that the coupled system can behave regularly.
著者
Kawashima Naoki Harada Kenji
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.6, pp.1379-1414, 2004-06-15
参考文献数
65
被引用文献数
4 105

World-line quantum Monte Carlo methods are reviewed with an emphasis on breakthroughs made in recent years. In particular, three algorithms — the loop algorithm, the worm algorithm, and the directed-loop algorithm — for updating world-line configurations are presented in a unified perspective. Detailed descriptions of the algorithms in specific cases are also given.
著者
Matsubara Masahiko Uozumi Takayuki Kotani Akio Harada Yoshihisa Shin Shik
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.1, pp.347-356, 2002-01-15
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
38

The polarization dependence of $2p \to 3d \to 2p$ resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) in $3d^{1}$, $3d^{2}$ and $3d^{3}$ systems (TiF3, VF3 and Cr2O3, respectively) is measured and analyzed by means of the MX6 (M denotes a transition metal and X denotes a ligand, respectively) cluster model. The results are compared with a previous one for the $3d^{0}$ system (TiO2). Generally, with increasing $3d$ electron number, the spectral structure of RXES becomes more complicated by the influence of the crystal field and the multiplet coupling effect. Moreover, we point out that the selection rules on the polarization dependence of RXES change with the $3d$ electron number and that a drastic resonance enhancement corresponding to the excitation to an antibonding state in the $3d^{0}$ system is almost absent for the $3d^{n}$ systems with $n = 1$, 2 and 3.
著者
Vodicka Václav
出版者
THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.8, pp.1630-1636, 1961
被引用文献数
4

Classical methods are used to determine the steady temperature distribution in a finite elliptic cylinder consisting of any number of plane-parallel layers. As illustration of the general procedure, the case of a homogeneous isotropic elliptic cylinder is treated in some detail.
著者
Ryogo Kubo Mario Yokota Sadao Nakajima
出版者
一般社団法人 日本物理学会
雑誌
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.11, pp.1203-1211, 1957-11-05 (Released:2007-06-01)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
573

The possibility is examined to give rigorous expressions for kinetic coefficients such as heat conductivity, diffusion constant, thermoelectric power and so on which relate the flow of a certain kind to the generalized forces of thermal nature. We take here as the fundamental assumption Onsager’s assumption that the average regression of spontaneous fluctuation of macroscopic variables follows the macroscopic physical laws. The kinetic coefficient Gjl appearing in the phenomenological equation, \dotαj=∑Gjl(∂S⁄∂αl) is shown then to be expressed asGjl=(kβ)−1∫0∞dτ∫0β<\dotαl(−ihλ)\dotαj(τ)>dλwhere k is the Boltzmann constant and β=1⁄kT. This is the same type of formula as we have for kinetic coefficients for mechanical disturbances (Kubo, J. Phys. Soc. 12 (1957) 570). The theory is illustrated for the example of electronic transport phenomena.