著者

貝掛 敦

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.12, pp.686-688, 2007-12-25

被引用文献数

5

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HYUGA SMELTING CO., LTD. (HYUGA) was established in 1956 by SUMITOMO METAL MINING CO., LTD. ELKEM process which consists of rotary kiln and electric furnace was introduced to smelt nickel ores from Indonesia and French New Caledonia and to produce ferronickel mainly used for stainless steel.<BR>For the last decade, as for the improvement of rotary kilns, HYUGA has upgraded the off-gas fans and introduced the scoop feeders for coal charge addition. As the result, the high temperature zones of kilns have been expanded toward kilns' charge end side and the feed rates of kilns have drastically increased. <BR>As for the improvement of electric furnaces, HYUGA renewed one of two electric furnaces in 1995 and the other in 2006. At these renewals, each transformer was upgraded and copper-cooling system was introduced into one electric furnace in 2006. Since then, HYUGA has implemented low current, high voltage electric furnace operation. This system improves the response to a wide range of ore chemistry, and it enables safe, high-load stable operation with high productivity matched to the energy situation.

著者

阿部 一郎

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.8, pp.477-481, 2010-08-25

被引用文献数

1

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Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. focuses on the "non-ferrous major class" mining company as its business strategy and the Pogo Gold Mine is situated at a very important position to achieve the goal. The mine was started with the grassroots exploration in 1991, as a first exploration project in which Sumitomo Metal Mining has majority share of project. A couple of gold deposits were discovered and defined during the exploration stage and the project was evaluated feasible to develop. The environmental permit process was started in 2000 and completed in 2004, in which especially the ore process flow was designed very carefully to prevent the surrounding nature from any impacts. The intensive construction works were initiated after approval of the environmental permits and twenty months had been spent to start ore processing in February 2006. The mine adopts the drift and fill mining method with paste backfill by using tailings from the ore process. Currently about 2,400tonnes/day of ore are mined and processed, which are above the plan in the feasibility study.

著者

崎元 尚土 島田 荘平 大賀 光太郎 熊谷 治夫 山田 理 海保 守 安田 肇

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.10, pp.608-613, 2010-09-25

被引用文献数

1

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CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorption on coal was estimated by two experiments, one is heat of sorption measurement and the other is <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR measurement. In the heat of sorption measurement, differential heat of sorption (<I>q<SUB>d</SUB></I>) was compared with the calculated one. Measured <I>q<SUB>d</SUB></I> was same value with calculated one at low pressure. It decreased gradually with pressure and became lower than the calculated one. Since it couldn't be explained by the theory based on physisorption, it is estimated that the coal-CO<SUB>2</SUB> system could not be explained by only simple physisorption.<BR>In <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR measurement, spin-spin relaxation time (<I>T</I><SUB>2</SUB>) and composition fractions of L<SUB>1</SUB>, L<SUB>2</SUB> and G were measured. Composition fractions and <I>T</I><SUB>2</SUB> of L<SUB>1</SUB> increased with CO<SUB>2</SUB> gas pressure. Furthermore, the correlation was observed between volume increments and dissolution amount at over 10 atm. It indicates that part of CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorption capacity was used to coal relaxation.

著者

西松 裕一

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.1, pp.1-10, 2013-01-01

参考文献数

16

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In This paper, the author tries to discuss on the development and finiteness of natural resources on the basis of the present state of their supply and demand.<BR>The natural resources are classified into several categories i.e. mineral resource as solid raw materials, fossil fuels, nuclear power and new natural resource of energy.<BR>The finiteness and exhaustion of natural resources are one of the most important problems, in near future, because they are indispensable for production of various industrial materials as well as fuel of power plants, industrial plants, transport facilities, and home use.<BR>Then, the effect of increasing concentration of CO<SUB>2</SUB> on the global warming is critically discussed from scientific and long term point of view. Furthermore, it is indicated that the nuclear power is one of the most important energy resources in the future, although there remain some severe technical problems to be solved, at present. Next, the author discuss on the technical features and possibilities of such new natural energy resources as solar panel, wind power plant, geothermal energy, etc.<BR>And, the features of various storage facilities of electric power are discussed from technical and ecological point of view, because most of new natural energy are transformed into electric power for transmission and tentative storage.<BR>Finally, the author indicates that is most important to discuss on the interaction amongst new natural energy, mineral resources, and global environment from scientific and long term point of view.

著者

下川 公博 手塚 大輔 鹿田 慧 邑瀬 邦明 杉村 博之 粟倉 泰弘

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.2, pp.72-77, 2013-02-01

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4

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The surface smoothness, S and Ag content of electrodeposited copper were investigated to clarify the influence of chloride ions on electrorefining using hydrochloric acid and SbCl<SUB>3</SUB>. The surface smoothness of electrodeposited copper was improved with increasing amounts of hydrochloric acid and SbCl<SUB>3</SUB> as well as lower S and Ag content. The tensile strength and elongation of the electrodeposited copper were also studied to determine if they could be used as criteria for evaluating the cathode strippability in the permanent cathode process. The tensile strength and elongation increased when the total concentration of chloride ions released from hydrochloric acid and SbCl<SUB>3</SUB> was 20 mg/L. Metallographic observations indicated that lower rate of twin crystal formation resulted in higher tensile strength and elongation at approximately 20 mg/L of chloride ion concentration.

著者

山崎 哲生

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.12, pp.829-835, 2008-12-25

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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Japan has a manganese nodule mining claim in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zones, the Kuroko-type massive seafloor sulfide deposits (SMS) and cobalt-rich manganese crusts (CMC) in Japan's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and the continental shelves. Japan needs to use these deep-sea mineral resources as future strategic metal and rare earth element supply sources. Furthermore, the development technologies have wide variations in applying for the other food and energy supply targets in EEZ and continental shelves and the same-type resources of Pacific island nations'.<BR>Some current topics in deep-sea mineral resources development and the development technologies are introduced. Possibility and necessity of deep-sea mineral resources development for Japan are discussed.

著者

福井 勝則 大久保 誠介 森山 守 青木 智幸 小塚 孝 松原 誠

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.9, pp.467-474, 2007-10-25

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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The main drive of Hida Tunnel for Tokai-Hokuriku Highway was excavated by a world-largest-class TBM with the diameter of 12.84 m. The TBM have bored over 3.0 km of the tunnel through Nouhi Rhyolite, Granite Porphyry and Hida Gneiss. The uniaxial compressive strength of these rocks was found to be extremely high. Such high strength accompanied by high content of silicon dioxide resulted in significantly high wear rate of the disc cutters mounted on the TBM.<BR>In this study, cutter wear was carefully measured together with the operation conditions such as thrust force, penetration rate, cutter-head rotation rate and the rock properties such as uniaxial compressive strength, rock strength estimated from TBM cutting force, abrasivity obtained from turning operation test, chemical composition determined by X-ray analytical microscope.<BR>It was found that the extent of cutter wear largely depends on position of the disc cutter; cutter wear per unit rolling distance near the fringe of cutter head was extremely larger than that near the center of cutter head. A combination of rock strength estimated by TBM cutting force and length of wear flat in turning-operation test was found to be an excellent index to predict cutter wear rate.

著者

SU Faqiang ITAKURA Ken-ichi DEGUCHI Gota OHGA Kotaro KAIHO Mamoru

出版者

資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, pp.203-218, 2015

被引用文献数

14

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Cavity growth occurring with crack extension and coal consumption during UCG processes directly influences the gasification efficiency and the estimated subsidence and gas leakage to the surface. This report presents an evaluation of the gas energy recovery, coal consumption, and gasification cavity estimation using a proposed stoichiometric method to analyze the coal gasification reaction process. We defined the evaluation parameters of rate of energy recovery and investigated the effects of different parameters using UCG trials conducted with coal blocks and coal seams, adopting different Linking-hole methods and operational parameters. Analyses of results obtained from laboratory experiments and small-scale field trials using V-shaped and L-shaped linking holes, and Coaxial-hole UCG models show that the gasification of Linking-hole models yielded average calorific values of product gas as high as 10.26, 11.11 MJ/m3 (lab.), and 14.39 MJ/m3 (field.). In contrast, the Coaxial-hole models under experimental conditions yielded average calorific values of product gas as: 7.38, 4.70 MJ/m3 (lab.) and 6.66 MJ/m3 (field.). The cavity volume obtained with Coaxial models was about half of the volume obtained from Linking-hole models. Results obtained for these UCG systems show that the feed gas and linking-hole types can influence coal consumption and product gas energy. Fissure ratios were also investigated. Results confirmed major factors underpinning gasification efficiency. Linking-hole types strongly influenced the development of the oxidization surface and fracture cracks for subsequent combustion in the gasification zone. Estimated gas energy recovery results support experimental observations within an acceptable error range of about 10%. Moreover, this stoichiometric approach is simple and useful for evaluating the underground cavity during UCG. Based on these results, we proposed a definition of the energy recovery rate, combined with the obtained volumes of gasification cavities that provide a definition of energy recovery and UCG effects. UCGにおいては,炭層内のき裂進展に伴う燃焼空洞の拡大と石炭の消費が重要であり,これがガス化効率や安全性 (地盤沈下,ガス漏洩等) に大きく影響する。本研究では,ガス化効率,回収エネルギーとガス化空洞の評価方法として,化学量論および化学平衡に基づく評価手法を検討した。生成ガス組成と求めたガス化反応式から,石炭の消費量,ガス生産量等を推定する方法である。また,エネルギー回収率を定義し,UCG室内モデル実験及び露天炭鉱の炭層で行った小規模現場実験の結果を評価し,リンキングの方式や注入ガス等のパラメータがガス化効率やガス化空洞の成長に与える影響を検討した。リンキングの方式として,L字,V字,同軸型のUCG実験を行い,ガス化効率の違いと,その原因を明らかにした。すなわち,リンキング型と同軸型モデルを比較すると,リンキング型UCGモデルの方が発熱量が高く,平均発熱量では,前者が10.26/11.11 MJ/m3 (室内) ,14.39 MJ/m3 (現場) であった。一方,同軸型モデル試験では,7.38/4.70 MJ/m3 (室内) と6.66 MJ/m3 (現場) と低い値であった。実験後の空洞体積の直接評価結果でも,リンキング型の方がガス化領域が拡大していることを確認した。リンキング方式の方が,炭層内にき裂を連続的に進展させやすいためと考えられる。また,エネルギー回収率の評価では,実験前後の供試体質量差から求めたエネルギー回収率と比較検討を行った。その結果,両者の誤差は約10%で,検討した手法によりエネルギー回収率や燃焼ガス化領域の石炭消費量を推定できることがわかった。以上の結果より,検討した化学量論法よる回収エネルギー評価手法は簡便で,実用的であることが明らかになった。

著者

三宅 裕

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ : journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.9, pp.554-561, 2008-09-25

被引用文献数

1

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The exploitation of copper in Ancient Western Asia has a long history. Already in the Neolithic period malachite was used as raw material for bead and pigment, and then native copper was shaped into small objects by hammering and annealing. Based on the evidence from copper objects and workshops found in Iran and Anatolia, smelting and casting were carried out in the 5<SUP>th</SUP> millennium B.C. In the early copper production it is likely that the oxide ores such as malachite were used as raw material which was smelted in the crucible set on the shallow pit furnace with the aid of blow pipes. The advent of alloy in the late 4<SUP>th</SUP> millennium B.C., another significant development in early metallurgy, might make casting easier and more successful. The first copper alloy was arsenical copper which continued to produce until the end of the Middle Bronze Age along with bronze, an alloy of copper and tin. By the second half of the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> millennium the copper production in the vicinity of the sources became prevailing. The Late Bronze Age shipwrecks in the Mediterranean provide good evidence for the long distance trade of copper and tin in the shape of ingot.