著者

佐原 みどり

出版者

名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科

雑誌

国際開発研究フォ-ラム (ISSN:13413732)

巻号頁・発行日

no.28, pp.165-179, 2005-03

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Talking about death by way of metaphor is something inevitable in all societies for its incomprehensible nature. But in some cultures, the theme of death is emphasized more than others. Mexican popular culture of death doubtlessly belongs to this category, and has enormous variations of metaphors, phrases, and proverbs related to death. Mexican language of death has been developed through the 20th century, which experienced the Mexican revolution and the rise of nationalism in which the indigenous culture obtained new values. Through the rapid social changes in the 20th century, the metaphors of death have been newly produced and their implications in those words have changed depending on the social situation. In this article I will focus on the Mexican expressions of "to die" and by categorizing them I will try to see the connections between Mexican national identity, social problems, historical consciousness and the way they perceive death. Other than language aspect, I will also discuss self-other relationship in the way they celebrate "the days of dead", Mexican national festival in Mexico City.

著者

水谷 元海 MIZUTANI Motomi

出版者

名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科

雑誌

国際開発研究フォーラム (ISSN:13413732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.13, pp.1-17, 2017-03

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The United Nations Security Council (SC) uses two kinds of economic sanctions, "mandatory economic sanctions" and "voluntary economic sanctions". This paper focuses on the latter which are based on non-binding recommendations of the SC. The United Nations Charter does not provide clearly for "voluntary economic sanctions" because its drafters did not intend that the SC would recommend economic sanctions without binding force. However, the SC has recommended economic sanctions when it could not make binding decisions. Rules applying to "voluntary economic sanctions" have been developed through SC practice. This paper aims to make clear the legal basis, limitations, and legal effects of the SC's recommendations calling for economic sanctions through analysis of the practice of the SC and member states. In conclusion, this paper shows that the SC can recommend only arms embargoes under Chapter VI when it does not determine the existence of any threat to the peace. Even if the determination is made by the SC under Chapter VII, it may not delegate its power to the member states to decide what economic sanctions shall be taken. When the member states implement the recommended economic sanctions, they must comply with their obligation under international law.

著者

島田 弦

出版者

名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科

雑誌

国際開発研究フォ-ラム (ISSN:13413732)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.55-69, 2009-03

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Adat law (customary law) studies in the Dutch East Indie (Indonesia) under the colonial rule were not only academic research, but these had strong influence to the formation of Indonesian state, on the other hand, adat law study can be seen as a transplant of Dutch jurisprudence to Indonesian legal system. From this point, this article focuses on the relation between Dutch legal theory in 19th century and van Vollenhoven, Dutch scholar, who established adat law study. At first, the relation between colonial management and its legal policy is considered, and then, the influence of the Historical School in the 19th century Netherlands to van Vollenhoven is discussed. In the first half of the 19th century, Dutch government maintained traditional authority based on adat law in the colony in order to implement kultur-stelsel (literally, cultivation system, or forced and monopolistic agriculture system) that had brought vast benefit to the Netherlands. Then, however, as private enterprises grew and kultur-stelsel declined, the pressure for free economy and abolishment of adat law that blocked modern transactions increased. In contrast, humanitarian group advocating the welfare of indigenous people (inlanders) requested the extension of European law to inlanders in the kultur-stelsel period. However later humanitarian group changed their standpoint, and claimed to protect adat law in order to prevent capitalistic exploitation. Van Vollenhoven's adat law study could be included to humanitarian thought at this period. Dutch legal study had been under the Frenchman influence because of French rule from the end of 18th century. Since middle of 19th century, however, German Historical School became influential. Vollenhoven highly evaluated Dutch historical law works by, for example, Thorbecke and Oppenheim. So Vollenhoven rejected the introduction of foreign law to indigenous society, and advocated the protection of adat law. But the concept of the people's law in colony where the ruling Europeans and the ruled non-Europeans coexist would lead weak legal protection for inlanders and discriminative legal system between European and non-European.

著者

大島 デイヴィッド 義和

出版者

名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科

雑誌

国際開発研究フォーラム (ISSN:13413732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.47-63, 2013-03

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It has been acknowledged in the literature that the interpretation of discourse particles (sentencefinal particles) in Japanese is largely affected by intonation. There is much room for investigation, however, as to how exactly the discourse particles and intonation interact. In this work, I demonstrate that four types of contours ― insisting rise, question rise, flat, and rise-fall ― have to be distinguished for the purpose of analyzing the functions of discourse particles, and examine the functions of the two paradigmatic discourse particles yo and ne as accompanied by different contours. Yo can be accompanied by the question-rise, flat, or rise-fall contour. Yo with the question-rise contour has two distinct functions, and yo with the flat contour has four. Yo with the rise-fall contour has similar functions as yo with the flat contour, but additionally conveys an emotive and childish tone. Ne can be accompanied by any of the four contours. Ne with the insisting-rise contour has three distinct functions, and ne with the questionrise contour has two. Ne with the flat or rise-fall contour has similar functions as ne accompanied by the insisting-rise contour, but additionally conveys an emotive (but not necessarily childish) tone.

著者

佐原 みどり

出版者

名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科

雑誌

国際開発研究フォーラム (ISSN:13413732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.165-179, 2005-03-11

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Talking about death by way of metaphor is something inevitable in all societies for its incomprehensible nature. But in some cultures, the theme of death is emphasized more than others. Mexican popular culture of death doubtlessly belongs to this category, and has enormous variations of metaphors, phrases, and proverbs related to death. Mexican language of death has been developed through the 20th century, which experienced the Mexican revolution and the rise of nationalism in which the indigenous culture obtained new values. Through the rapid social changes in the 20th century, the metaphors of death have been newly produced and their implications in those words have changed depending on the social situation. In this article I will focus on the Mexican expressions of “to die” and by categorizing them I will try to see the connections between Mexican national identity, social problems, historical consciousness and the way they perceive death. Other than language aspect, I will also discuss self-other relationship in the way they celebrate “the days of dead”, Mexican national festival in Mexico City.

著者

島田 弦 SHIMADA Yuzuru

出版者

名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科

雑誌

国際開発研究フォーラム (ISSN:13413732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.55-69, 2009-03-24

---

Adat law (customary law) studies in the Dutch East Indie (Indonesia) under the colonial rule were not only academic research, but these had strong influence to the formation of Indonesian state, on the other hand, adat law study can be seen as a transplant of Dutch jurisprudence to Indonesian legal system. From this point, this article focuses on the relation between Dutch legal theory in 19th century and van Vollenhoven, Dutch scholar, who established adat law study. At first, the relation between colonial management and its legal policy is considered, and then, the influence of the Historical School in the 19th century Netherlands to van Vollenhoven is discussed. In the first half of the 19th century, Dutch government maintained traditional authority based on adat law in the colony in order to implement kultur-stelsel (literally, cultivation system, or forced and monopolistic agriculture system) that had brought vast benefit to the Netherlands. Then, however, as private enterprises grew and kultur-stelsel declined, the pressure for free economy and abolishment of adat law that blocked modern transactions increased. In contrast, humanitarian group advocating the welfare of indigenous people (inlanders) requested the extension of European law to inlanders in the kultur-stelsel period. However later humanitarian group changed their standpoint, and claimed to protect adat law in order to prevent capitalistic exploitation. Van Vollenhoven’s adat law study could be included to humanitarian thought at this period. Dutch legal study had been under the Frenchman influence because of French rule from the end of 18th century. Since middle of 19th century, however, German Historical School became influential. Vollenhoven highly evaluated Dutch historical law works by, for example, Thorbecke and Oppenheim. So Vollenhoven rejected the introduction of foreign law to indigenous society, and advocated the protection of adat law. But the concept of the people’s law in colony where the ruling Europeans and the ruled non-Europeans coexist would lead weak legal protection for inlanders and discriminative legal system between European and non-European.

著者

田中 孝宜 TANAKA Takanobu

出版者

名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科

雑誌

国際開発研究フォーラム (ISSN:13413732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.137-156, 2009-03-24

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This paper examines the issue of international cooperation in the field of disaster preparedness/reduction by looking into Japan’s assistance to the disaster struck countries after the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami in 2004. The objectives of this research are to put in order the theoretical frameworks of international assistance in disaster risk management and by applying the framework to evaluate the effectiveness of Japan’s assistance. Disaster risk management is a continuous process of relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction, disaster reduction and preparedness. However it is usually the relief efforts that catch people’s attention with global media coverage and it is emergency response that international assistance mainly focuses on. As time passes and memories of disaster fade away, international assistance also fades away. Japan with its knowledge and experience of disaster risk management started its term assistance to countries around the Indian Ocean with the overall goal on building better prepared societies to reduce damage and the number of victims in case of future disasters. By examining the activities of JICA, Japan International Cooperation Agency, this paper argues the importance of such cooperation. International cooperation for disaster preparedness/reduction has only a short history with little past academic investigation. Therefore this paper also seeks to clarify the issues and challenges of such assistance.

著者

塩瀬 博子 SHIOSE Hiroko

出版者

名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科

雑誌

国際開発研究フォーラム (ISSN:21899126)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.1-20, 2017-09

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There are lots of traditional events related to "Raihoshin" (来訪神) in local areas in Japan. The notion of "Raihoshin" is the god coming out wearing ONI (鬼) (symbol of evil) mask from another world in the turn of the seasons. So far, Raihoshins have been supposed to be a kind of the souls of ancestors or gods of the year, and bring us happiness and a good harvest. Now their role turned into the education for children. "Appossha" is said to be one of the Raihoshin events. However, this study points out that Appossha is different from other Raihoshins. Its actions and clothes show the ogre of Appossha had been victims of sea disaster, neither ancestors nor gods. It originated from people's trauma and extreme fear of its behavior like kidnapping. Now, the villagers stopped it because of changing values and circumstances. I hope that regionalrooted tradition will be passed on by young people with their memory of Appossha in their childhood. It's possible for them to inherit event memories.