著者

早稲田 周 岩野 裕継

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.6, pp.585-593, 2007 (Released:2008-11-14)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

10 9 10

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Carbon isotope compositions of methane, ethane and propane, and hydrocarbon ratios in gas samples provide information of their origin (microbial vs. thermogenic), maturity of thermogenic component, compositional change due to migration, and extent of biodegradation. Mixing of gases with different origins or different maturities can also be evaluated using gas isotopic and molecular compositions. While these gas geochemical data have been used mainly for petroleum exploration, their applications for development, production and operation issues are also increasing. Headspace gas analyses can be used to delineate reservoir compartments and pay zones. Carbon isotope compositions in commingled production could be used to allocate contributions form individual production zones if isotopic differences exist between the gases from the contributing reservoirs. Origin of gas seepage in production sites could be investigated by the gas molecular and isotope compositions if enough reference data exist in the area.

著者

市川 真

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.3, pp.234-242, 2009 (Released:2011-02-22)

参考文献数

12

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While conventional oil and gas production is expected to hit a peak in dozens of years, the world still requires hydrocarbons as the main source of energy. The need to fill the gap between supply and demand, and the recent high oil price, have aroused enthusiasm for unconventional oil and gas. But, the development of them is, full of ups and downs.The extra heavy oil boom began in early 2000's, when large projects started in Canada and Venezuela. But, rising plant cost, shortage of skilled workers, and environmental concerns have increased uncertainty of those projects, and finally this year global economic crunch and oil price plunge ended the boom. In those circumstances, technologies to reduce production cost are keenly craved and several are on trial in actual projects.In 2005, U.S. Congress directed the Bureau of Land Management to manage oil shale development on public lands. By 2008, the bureau issued six research development and demonstration leases that will allow oil shale development to resume on a 160-acre tract of public land. Currently, in-situ conversion process is arguably the most cost effective recovery method.The U.S. has led the world in coalbed methane (CBM) development, and the production reached 1.8 tcf by 2006. While some countries are after the footsteps of the U.S. in CBM development, the U.S. is now considering giving a higher priority to shale gas instead as the results of efforts to develop economical production methods for years.Japan has studied gas hydrate development since 1990's. In 2008, the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation carried out a successful gas hydrate production test in Canada. The next step of their pursuit will include practical application of the production method, nationwide potential evaluation, and development of environmental assessment technique.

著者

能村 幸輝

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.2, pp.105-108, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

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In the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, the thermal power ration has increased to 90% of total electric power due to the long-term shutdown of nuclear plants. Currently LNG thermal power alone accounts for nearly 50% of domestic power generation. Accordingly Japan's LNG demand increased by 30% after 2011, and in addition, Japan's LNG import price, linked to crude oil import price, has soared because of the increase in oil prices. As a result, the overall fuel cost in Japan has increased. Lowering fuel import costs is an urgent mission for the Japanese Government. We briefly introduce Japan's strategy for securing natural resources with competitive prices through diversification in this paper.

著者

牛塚 統六

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.358-365, 1941-07-30 (Released:2008-06-30)

著者

加藤 進

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.131-143, 1988 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 2

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Several hydrocarbon deposits have been found in volcanic rocks of the Nanatani stage (so-called Green Tuff) in the Niigata basin, Japan.Their characteristics are summarized as follows.1) Hydrocarbon deposits are formed in anticlinal structures and are mostly located close to depressions.2) Oil accumulations have been found in anticlinal structures which are formed in the early stage.3) All hydrocarbon deposits except for the Shiunji gas field are located in the Chuetsu sub-basin.4) Larger oil and gas fields are located in or close to the kitchen areas of oil and gas. This suggests the short lateral migration of hydrocarbons together with the distribution of oil and gas in neighboring areas of the Mitsuke oil field.5) In larger gas fields, the Teradomari formation shows a typical abnormally high pressur e, whereas the Geen Tuff is hydrostatical or slightly highly-pressured. On the other hand, formation pressure in the Mitsuke oil field increases toward lower straigraphic horizons that is similar to the pressure distribution in the Shiiya and Nishiyama reservoirs. These pressure patters are closely related to the manner of accumulation of oil and gas.6) The migration of oil and gas in larger oil and gas fields is thought to have occurred during and after the Nishiyama stage.7) The distributions of oil and gas in the Green Tuff depend rather on the kinetics of hydrocarbon expulsion from source rocks than on the type of organic matter. The kinetics of expulsion is controlled by the relative positions of the hydrocarbon generation zone and the overpressured zone.The Niigata basin can be sub-divided into three parts according to their geologic conditions: Kaetsu sub-basin, Kakuta-Sanjo uplift and Chuetsu sub-basin. Considering the combination of trap, source rock, reservoir and migration mechanism, it is concluded that the Chuetsu sub-basin is the most prospective for future exploration.

著者

藤井 晴一

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, pp.380-388, 1982 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

7

著者

佐々木 久郎 菅井 裕一 河野 洋之 高橋 孝志 伊藤 大輔 岡部 孝

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.6, pp.522-529, 2011 (Released:2014-01-18)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 2

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In this lecture, a cold drainage mechanism of heavy oil from sandstone cores has been presented by using immiscible CO2 gas dissolution into the oil. Dissolution curves of CO2 and CH4 gases for Japanese heavy oil were measured using with a PVT apparatus to decide the pressures of bubble point for the gases. CO2 swelling factors of the heavy oil and Oman intermediate oil were measured from surface movements of oil columns placed in a high-pressure cell which was controlled less than 10 MPa for the oil reservoir temperature 50°C. Two oil swelling factors increased with increasing gas pressure, and swelling coefficients were evaluated for CO2 and CH4 gases. The swelling-time curves for an oil column were fitted with the analytical solution of one dimensional gas diffusion derivative equation, and CO2 gas diffusion coefficients in the oils, D(m2/s), were evaluated. The values of D in the heavy oil were presented as 1.1 to 1.6 % of that of the intermediate oil, and the empirical equation for values of D has been presented with function of exponential to API gravity. Based on the observation tests on oil drainage from the sandstone cores saturated with the heavy oil, gas dissolution in the heavy oil does not make any oil drainage, however foamy heavy oil including huge number of micron CO2 gas bubbles, that were generated in depressurization process, effectively contributed to oil drainage out from the cores.

著者

合田 隆 佐藤 光三

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.233-243, 2011 (Released:2014-01-18)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3

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This study aims at developing a new population-based global optimization algorithm, called iterative Latin hypercube samplings (ILHS), and applying the ILHS to a global optimization of well placement for geological storage of CO2. The ILHS utilizes a space-filling property specific to the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) : each independent variable xj(j=1, …, d) is divided into n strata of equal marginal probability and sampled once from each stratum. In the ILHS, the LHS is generated iteratively while a cumulative distribution function for each variable at the current step is updated from the fitnesses evaluated at the previous step. This iterative process enables us to search a global optimum in a derivativefree way. Considering a global minimization of an objective function involving only continuous independent variables, the mathematical formulation of the basic algorithm is described first.In general, in order to carry out a numerical simulation of CO2 migration in the subsurface, the target domain is divided into multiple grids and the well placement is indicated by the grid index. Therefore, we need to consider a global optimization of an objective function involving discrete independent variables. Here, a brief handling method toward the application of the ILHS involving discrete independent variables is introduced and we attempt to find an optimal well placement using the ILHS so as to minimize the amount of mobile CO2. The results for example problems confirm that our proposed algorithm can search an optimal solution effectively within a practical number of simulation runs.

著者

本島 公司

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.59-61, 1951-03-30 (Released:2008-03-27)

著者

加藤 進 西田 英毅 岩野 裕継

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.3, pp.171-179, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

参考文献数

29

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Three oil samples, eight gas samples, and three rock samples, collected mainly from surface seepages in the northern Fossa Magna region, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, were subjected to geochemical analysis, yielding the following results.1) The oils are heavy and biodegraded, and are classified as Kubiki-type (Hirai et al., 1995). Geochemical characteristics of the oils indicate an origin from type II-III organic matter, and their maturity is estimated to be ∼ 0.7% Ro equivalent.2) The gases are mainly methane (C1); only three samples from Tenjinzawa and Nakatsuka contain heavier hydrocarbons, up to C6, and these samples have with high wetness over 10%. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the gases indicate that they are partly biodegraded and mostly thermogenic in origin, with a maturity of 0.7%-0.9% Ro equivalent.3) Mudstones in the Bessho Formation and the lower part of the Aoki Formation are probably the source rocks that generated the oil and gas in the areas of the Takafu and Komeji synclines as indicated by source rock analysis and by surface oil and gas seepages. Although subsurface geologic structures remain unclear, there is hydrocarbon potential in the zone between the areas of oil and gas seepages and the synclines.

著者

松岡 洋

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.449-458, 1991 (Released:2008-03-27)

著者

平林 憲次

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.4, pp.296-305, 2010 (Released:2012-03-01)

参考文献数

20

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In the Sakhalin Island, the oil show was discovered near Okha city in 1880. Hokushinkai (Japanese company) developed this oil and imported it into Japan in 1924. Japanese North Sakhalin Oil Co., Ltd. succeeded the business of Hokushinkai and continued until 1943.56 Japanese died during 1923-1943 years and were buried in Okha. After 1943, none of the Japanese visited the Japanese grave of Okha.In 1975, Sakhalin Oil Development Cooperation Co., Ltd (old SODECO) made the agreement (G/A) with the USSR to explore the shelf of the Sakhalin Island.In the north-east shelf area, the Odoptu and Chayvo oil/gas fields were discovered. These oil/gas fields and the Arkutun/Dagi oil/gas field developed as Sakhalin-1 project. And the Luni structure and the Piltun/Astokh structure developed as Sakhalin-2 project.The author worked in Sakhalin in times of the Japan and Soviet co-operational exploration based on G/A. But the foreigners who worked in Sakhalin were not able to be accompanied by a family in the Sakhalin.In 2009, he guided his wife and visited Sakhalin, and she enjoyed sight seeing of the place that he worked in old days. And he recognized the present circumstances of the Sakhalin and difference with that of the USSR era.Another purpose of his visit to the Sakhalin was to burn incense for the 56 Japanese deceased in Okha. But the graveyard was removed, and he recited the sutra from the hill which overlooked the lost grave.

著者

瀬能 修

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.138-142, 2018-04-23 (Released:2021-01-09)

参考文献数

13

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Biogenic methane gas is generated by methanogen in sediments. The generated gas can be concentrated as water dissolved gas and accumulated as methane hydrate or free gas. The sea areas around Japan have optimal conditions for biogenic gas generation comparable with other biogenic gas generating basins in the world. Gas bubbles generated from oversaturated dissolved gas cause free gas accumulation effectively, and the mechanism to produce oversaturation differs by basin. The main mechanism for oversaturation is the continuation of gas generation and decompression caused by vertical crustal movement or upward migration of formation water.Biogenic free gas accumulation often occurs at shallow depths, and direct hydrocarbon indicators( DHIs) on the seismic section provide a strong clue of their existence. The combined implementation of marine electro-magnetic survey with seismic survey is however recommended to reduce exploration risk, as low saturation gas also causes DHIs.In near feature, it is expected that the understanding of the underground carbon cycle and gas accumulation mechanism will advance, and biogenic gas exploration in the seas around Japan will become more common.

著者

秋葉 文雄 谷村 好洋 大井 剛志 石浜 佐栄子 松本 良

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.2, pp.130-139, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

5 3

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Eight diatom zones are recognized for the uppermost Quaternary piston cores from the Joetsu Basin of the eastern margin of the Japan Sea recovered by a methane hydrate cruise, MD179. They are primarily based on the occurrences of a warm-water marker diatom Fragilariopsis doliolus and a cold-water one Thalassiosira hyperborea and secondarily on that of a new cold-water one Thalassionema umitakae n. sp., and represent major changes of surface water of the Japan Sea. In addition, very fluctuating occurrences of diatom-derived black grains, which might be a proxy of stagnant condition of the sea bottom, first observed in horizons mostly where dark thinly laminated layers are recognized. Because both the diatom zonal subdivision and the occurrence of black grains correlate very well to those of the marine isotope stages, MIS1 through MIS5e recognized by Ishihama et al. (2014) in the same cores examined, it is obvious that they reflect major paleoceanographic changes of the Japan Sea induced by global glacial and interglacial cycles over the last 130 ka. Thalassionema umitakae n. sp. is described in Appendix.

著者

鶴 哲郎 溝部 晃 田中 暁 田中 誠 佐藤 隆一

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.56-65, 2016 (Released:2018-05-09)

参考文献数

41

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An extremely low velocity layer was detected in a deep water area, whose velocity was estimated to be 1500 m/s by velocity analysis of the seismic data. Its thickness is approximately 500 m in average and exceeds 700 m in maximum. Although obtained data are limited to reveal its origin, the layer was interpreted to be a mass transport deposit based on the observations: a distribution feature spreading toward the deep water, a chaotic-to-transparent reflection pattern, basal erosions of the underlying sediments and a pressure ridge developed at the tip region. However, mass transport deposit is normally characterized by high seismic velocity according to previous studies, whereas such a mass transport deposit with low velocity is seldom reported. From detailed seismic interpretation, active normal faults cutting the seafloor were recognized in overlying sediments. The faults appear also to cut the uppermost part of the mass transport deposit. Moreover, pore pressure gradient within the deposit was estimated to be from 12.0 to 14.4 MPa/km, being comparable with the fracture gradient from previous study. As a result, the presently-detected low velocity layer can be concluded most likely as a slow-moving earthflow type of mass transport deposit in deep water.

著者

若林 尚幸

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.255-260, 2004

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Testing and gathering data from a well to evaluate the potential of a new field is a common practice in the oil and gas industry. However, performing this task in ultra deep water presents significantly greater challenges to the operator and service providers, since testing in the depths required for the subject well had not previously been attempted, there were concerns of problems that might occur in maintaining response times and control of the test equipment. <br>This paper will present the innovative solution that was devised to perform the testing in the deep water well. The equipment, the well, location condition, and procedures were used to safely and efficiently perform the evaluation testing will be discussed.

著者

岩間 剛一

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.128-134, 2009 (Released:2011-02-22)

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The year 2008 was the historical and memorable year from the view of crude oil prices. Skyrocketing oil prices resulted from the following reasons. The first reason is the rapid economic growth in BRICs such as China and India. The second reason is rebirth of nationalism in major oil producing countries. The third reason is financial capitalism of crude oil future market. Now, the major players in NYMEX (New York Mercantile Exchange) are financial institutions, hedge funds and commodity index funds. The movement of crude oil prices depends on sentimental factors such as crude oil stock level and nuclear weapon development in Iran. On July 11 2008, crude oil prices reached recorded 147.27 dollars per barrel. And then, crude oil prices fell rapidly to 30 dollars per barrel after the bankrupt of the famous investment bank. I think neither 150 dollars per barrel nor 30 dollars per barrel are adequate prices which reflected the fundamental of world demand and supply of crude oil. The excessive fluctuation of crude oil prices gives the great damage to all consumers and companies. The future of world economy depends upon the success of green new deal policy of the United States.

著者

大野 陽太郎

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.187-195, 2005 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

14

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Dimethyl Ether (DME) is a clean and economical alternative fuel which can be produced from various resources as natural gas, coal or biomass through synthesis gas. The properties of DME are similar to those of LPG and it can be used for various fields ; power generation fuel, transportation fuel, home fuel, etc.An innovative process of direct synthesis of DME from synthesis gas has been developed. Newly developed catalyst in a slurry phase reactor gave a high conversion and high selectivity of DME. After pilot scale plant (5 tons/day) testing, demonstration plant (100 tons/day) testing has been successfully carried out since 2002 with the Japanese government support. Various utilization technologies for DME have been developed and feasibility studies of DME Fuel Chain (Production, transportation and utilization) indicate that DME is competitive to conventional fuels. Commercialization projects of DME fuel are underway.

著者

加藤 進

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.214-219, 2018-07-17 (Released:2021-01-09)

参考文献数

22

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An outline of geological and geographical survey of oil fields in Japan from 1876 to 1879 is described.This survey was conducted by Lyman and his pupils as the first scientific geological survey for petroleum exploration in Japan. Contents and results of the survey are summarized using published papers.

著者

戸谷 裕造 藤崎 恭功

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.2, pp.105-113, 2012 (Released:2014-03-29)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

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Iwaki-Oki Gas field which operated by OIP (Offshore Iwaki Petroleum Co., Ltd.) located at Pacific Ocean of Naraha-Chou offing. OIP started natural gas production from 1984, and finished operation at end of July 2007. After finishing operation, OIP needed decommissioning work of Iwaki-Oki Platform, and started study for it from 2004. This study consisted with several engineering, several preparation works of Platform decommissioning, procurement of HLV (Heavy Lift Vessel) and discussion with related governments.OIP carried out deconstruction work for Platform decommissioning from December 2009 to July 2010. This deconstruction work included topside removal and Jacket toppling. Topside removal is dividing topside on Jacket into 16 blocks, lifting them by HLV respectively, and moving to a working table ship by HLV. And, Jacket was cut in depth-sounding the part of 92.5 meters, and was performing toppling.One of key works of this deconstruction was subsea-cutting, and this key work was Jacket legs and main piles cutting by ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle). In Japan, it was first case to use ROV for subsea-cutting. Another one was unique work, and it was made use of Jacket leg buoyancy for Jacket toppling.This Platform decommissioning was completed by the time necessary for completion about 10 working days shorter than a plan. This work was also no-disaster.