著者

手塚 和彦 玉川 哲也

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.1, pp.36-46, 2013 (Released:2015-04-03)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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It is well known that horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are key technologies to carry the shale gas revolution forward to success. Efforts in enlarging reservoir contact are needed to realize commercial production from shale reservoir whose permeability is supposed to be in the order of nano-Dary to micro-Darcy. To design mud system, to keep wellbore stability and/or to optimize hydraulic fracturing fluid and pumping schedule, knowledge about rock mechanics and stress environment is quite important. A technical area of analyzing, integrating and interpreting such knowledge is called “geomechanics”.In this paper, we describe geomechanics from various aspects by focusing application to hydraulic fracturing technology. We review mechanical property of shale and some important parameters such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, UCS, hardness and brittleness. Then, we show how those parameters impact hydraulic fracturing. A geomecanical models which consist of mechanical faces, mechanical properties and stress information is briefly explained. A case study of microseismic monitoring in Barnet shale field is introduced to reveal created hydraulic fracture patterns and those relationship to production that are significantly affected by pre-existing natural fracture system.

著者

大賀 光太郎

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.419-423, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

参考文献数

10

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Coal reserve of Japan is about 20 billion tons. A half of them is in Kyushu and the other is in Hokkaido. The most gassy coal field in Japan is Ishikari coal field in Hokkaido. In Ishikari coal field there were so many underground coal mines, but now all of them were closed. The gas content of coal in the Ishikari coal field is more than 12 m3/t and CBM resources in Ishikari coal field is estimated about 40 billion m3.There are some reasons why CBM has never been developed in the coal field. One is that the Ishikari coal field is mountain area and most of it is covered with National Forest. Therefore, it is difficult to find the drilling site from the surface and to develop CBM on a large scale. The other one is that it is difficult to drill wells in a soft coal seam such as Yuubari coal and to maintain the wells. Therefore, we are planning to develop CBM to use for local energy in this area.

著者

土田 定次郎

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.20-28, 1961

被引用文献数

1

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The middle part of Ishikari Plane (or Sapporo Lowland) is situated in Lat. 40&deg;00'-43&deg;25' N. and Long. 141&deg;12'-141&deg;53' E. In this plane, there are the Neogene Tertiary formations which are overlaid with the Quaternary formations of about 100m in thick.<br> 1. The Neogene Tertiary formations cropping out in the surrounding mountains district are overlaid with unconformity on the Paleogene coal-bearing formations, the Cretaceous System, and so-called &ldquo;Pale-ozoic&rdquo; formations.<br> 2. In the Neogene formations of this plane, according to the stage of depositon, there are marked variations in the density of deposits and distribution of fossils. There is no remarkable unconformity, however, in the Neogene Tertiary formations and each formation distributes in all the area, but the thickness of formations is changeable and most thick between the Nopporo Hill and Umaoi Hill.<br> 3. On the land surface or near the surface of this plane, igneous rocks have not been discovered and will not be discovered in future.<br> 4. The Neogene formations have folded structures with axes of approximately north-south direction and they are thought to have been resulted from upheavals of the Hokkaido Backbone Mountain Lands or Hidaka Mts.<br> 5. While the synclinal parts of folding structures are large and broad, their anticlinal parts make steep dip wings and narrow forms. Anticlinal parts are assymmetrical forms and thir axial planes are inclined to west ; that is, they show the nature of &ldquo;west steep-east slow.&rdquo;<br> 6. The axial planes of anticlinal structures in the eastern area are extreamly dipping. The angle of dip is smaller in the western area and it takes almost the similar shape of symmetrical anticline structure in the Ishikari coastal region. On the contrary, in the northern mountainous districts of the plane, the axial planes are inclined to east and the anticlinal structures show &ldquo;east steep-west slow&rdquo; character. In these mountain regions where crops out of basement complex as Kobato Paleozoic sediments, folding waves are pushed back for eastern side against the lateral forces caused by the upheaval of backbone mountains. Consequently, these folding waves advanced towards the Neogene basin axis ⁽¹⁰⁾ (Tomakomai-Takikawa Line) from both sides of east and west mountains (Fig. 12).<br> 7. In the plane, each anticline structure is continuous without faults or echelon arrangement, and there are some upheavals making dome-like structures. On the contaary, however, there are some sinking areas making structural depressions along the synclinal axes. These depressons are distributed at regular intervals, and the distribution of the recent rivers are related to these depressions.<br> 8. The meander zones of rivers distribute centering around Masarikappu near Ishikari Coast elliptically and radially. This distribution shows that the southern mountains slow upheave contrary to the northern mountains (Kobato Mts.).<br> 9. Accordingly, it is revealed that each basement complex (pre-Neogene) of mountains in the northern, southern, and eastern parts of the plane belongs to different geologic structural unit. It is thought that these three blocks made different block movements and these geological movements produced effects on the Neogene Tertiary structure in this plane.<br> The above are interpreted as follow.<br> (1) Southern mountains to which the Ezo-Fuji Volcanics belong are a range from the Central Mountains in North-East Japan where is the Nasu Volcanic Zone.<br> (2) The eastern mountain range is not connected with the land of North-East Japan.<br> (3) The Abukuma and Kitagami ranges in North-East Japan belong to tne same mountain series with Kobato range in the north of Sapporo Lowland.<br> (4) There are geological structure lines between Sapporo Lowland and mountainous districts.

著者

佐々木 誠

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.4, pp.250-254, 2012 (Released:2014-03-29)

著者

高橋 靖弘

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.281-288, 2016 (Released:2018-05-09)

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This paper presents Akita Prefecture's “Second Phase Strategy of New energy-related industries in Akita within its industry strategies.Akita, blessed with energy resources such as wind, geothermal, and biomass, is one of Japan's leading regions in the potential of creating renewable energy.While promoting the expansion of renewable energy, Akita has worked together with cooperating industries to formulate a strategy that tackles and greatly increases job creation as well as industrial development, and for that purpose has had the expansion and development of various policies to approach the issue.

著者

重川 守

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.9-16, 1985 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 9

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Stable carbon isotope ratio of 13C to 12C is applied to problems of geochemical correlation of crude oil to source rock on the assumption that isotope ratio of kerogen is heavier by ranging from 0.5 to 3‰ in δ13C values than that of oil when oils and kerogens are genetically related. The accumulated oils have δ13C values ranging from -23 to -22‰ and, consequently, those of source kerogens are expected to be in range from -23 to -19‰ in the Niigata basin. The source kerogens appear at two stratigraphic horizons. One of them is the Nanatani Formation to the lower part of the Teradomari Formation (source “D”) and the other is the top of the Shiiya Formation to the base of the Nishiyama Formation (source “S”). The source “S”, which is confirmed for the first time using stable carbon isotopes, is distributed in the area of the Niitsu, Minami Aga and Aga Oki oil fields, but it is absent in the area of Higashi Niigata and Matsuzaki gas fields. From this result, it may be inferred that the source “S” contribute to generation of the oils accumulated in the Shiiya and the Nishiyama Formations in these oil fields.

著者

沖縄天然ガス研究グループ

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.153-169, 1971-05-30 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

大炊御門 經輝

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.176-185, 1951-07-30 (Released:2008-03-27)

著者

江川 堯

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.112-121, 1997 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

4

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Construction of a natural gas pipeline from Niigata to Sendai was completed in March 1996. Pipeline construction consists of engineering works such as civil engineering, material technology, welding technology and so on. This lecture presents the following items regarding the engineering works to be overcome and some technical skills associated with the project are introduced.i) Seismic designii) Material technology, welding technology, field bendingiii) Bridge design, tunnel designiv) Leak detection

著者

村本 宏司 大澤 正博 木田 昌宏 有坂 春彦

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.76-88, 2007 (Released:2008-10-30)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 14

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METI “Sado Nanseioki” wells were drilled in the deep water southwest offshore of the Sado Island in the Japan Sea to explore the Awabi Structure after the MITI “Sadooki Nansei” seismic survey.Along with the presence of Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators around the crest of the structure, methane hydrate and oil seepage were recovered during the site survey prior to the drilling, which indicate an existence of the active petroleum system.METI “Sado Nanseioki” wells proved a distribution of the thick Neogene sediments in the deep water and discovered a 15 meter-thick oil column in the lower part of the Shiiya Formation. Detailed paleontological, geochemical and fluid inclusion analyses were carried out, and resulted in a reliable correlation to the Niigata standard stratigraphy and understanding of hydrocarbon history of the structure.A severe truncation surface revealed by the seismic survey was identified within the upper part of the Lower Teradomari Formation at about 8.5 Ma. Structural configuration of the Awabi Structure varies greatly between above and below the truncation surface. Above it, the structure is an asymmetrical anticlinal structure accompanied by a reverse fault on the western flank. Below it, the structure is an N-S trending nose structure. Structural growth commenced in the southern part during the time of the Shiiya Formation, and culminated after 1.3 Ma with growth center shifting north- and northeast-ward.A close genetic relationship was proved between oil, hydrocarbon shows, methane hydrate and oil seepage at sea bottom. Hydrocarbon generation in the Lower Teradomari or Nanatani Formation, temporal trap in the Lower Teradomari Formation, migration into the Shiiya Formation and leakage to the sea bottom through many small normal faults at the crest was clearly interpreted.The MITI seismic survey and the METI wells provided important insight about the petroleum system of the deep-water part of the Japan Sea.

著者

安藤 慎吾

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.434-440, 2014

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Soon after US shale gas revolution, Canadian shale gas development is also energized, especially in Western Canada. Canada has the advantage of availability of industrial equipment, materials and pipeline connecting to US due to the neighboring. On the other hand, rapid development may raise concerns over the issue of water management in the respect of usage and disposal. In British Columbia, Oil and Gas Commission is positively supervising and managing water usage with consideration for environmental impacts. And operating companies in Canada are also trying and developing new technologies and methods of production which can reduce usage of fresh water. In the shale gas project in Canada which INPEX is joining to, the operator is working on water management in advance of future fullscale development based on assessment of environmental impact, and has newly developed and tested fracturing pumping system which could provide a capability of utilizing raw water of non-potable deeper aquifer.

著者

松澤 明

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.298-313, 1986 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

1

著者

伊藤 谷生

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.103-109, 2000 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

18 32

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The collision of the Kuril arc against the Northeast Japan arc has made a conspicuous crustal structure from the Hidaka mountain range to the Ishikari-Tomakomai lowland, Hokkaido, Japan, since Miocene. Recent advance of deep seismic reflection studies has revealed that the Kuril arc lithosphere is delaminated at about 23km deep in the lower crust in the Hidaka collision zone. The upper half of the lithosphere (upper crust+upper portion of the lower crust) is thrust westward on the Northeast Japan arc, whereas the lower half (lower portion of the lower crust+upper mantle) descends down. The wedge of the Northeast Japan arc lithosphere intrudes eastward into the delaminated Kuril arc lithosphere. The structure is called as a “delamination-wedge structure”. In the western foreland area of the Hidaka mountain range, the west-verging fold-and-thrust belt occurs more than 70km wide involving the pre-Tertiary strata. The activity of the belt has shifted westward since the initiation of the collision. The shortening length in the foreland fold-and-thrust belt is about 60km, which is nearly equal to the delamination-wedge length toward the colliding direction. The two lines of evidence mentioned above, the westward shift of the activity and the coincidence of both lengths, indicate that the fold-and-thrust belt has been growing associated directly with the formation of the delamination-wedge structure.

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.308-310, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

著者

日野 智之

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.300-307, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

参考文献数

2

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Temporary abandonment operations that led to the oil spill incident in Gulf of Mexico were analyzed focusing on temporary abandonment procedures and actual operations from the negative pressure test to blowout occurrence. Temporary abandonment plan went through remarkable transitions from original plan to actual plan. Especially cement in shoe track was the only active barrier when negative pressure test was conducted under considerable different risk factors associated with cement job. The plan was changed to efficiently perform temporary abandonment operations since there were delay of the process and cost increase. In this circumstance, the negative pressure test was done and all members on site believed that cement barrier has been successfully tested regardless of presence of strange pressure behavior due to overreliance on leader's judgment. During displacement SOBM (Synthetic Oil Base Mud) with sea water in marine riser, blowout occurred. Although there was a lot of opportunity to detect the kick during this operation, nobody could stop operation until gas came in marine riser.

著者

武井 友也

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, pp.541-547, 1986 (Released:2008-03-27)

著者

中島 敬史

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.275-282, 2015

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<p>This is a review of recent published papers regarding the theory of abiogenic origin of petroleum such as Kutcherov and Krayushkin (2010) "Deep-seated abiogenic origin of petroleum." It discusses the overview of the theory and its credibility with various geological evidences, such as the presence of liquid oil and hydrocarbon gas in primary fluid inclusions in mantle derived rocks, existence of 496 basement oil and gas fields in 29 countries, and oil discoveries at ultra-deep hot temperature reservoirs.</p><p>Experimental abiogenic hydrocarbon generation by CaCO₃-FeO-H₂O system at upper mantle ultra-high pressure condition has once been proven by several Russian and Ukrainian academic teams, such as Kenny <i>et al</i>. (2002). And its credibility was reconfirmed by several American academic teams such as Scott <i>et al</i>. (2004) during the last decade.</p><p>The theory has already been applied to actual oil exploration. The Ukrainian Academy of Science achieved an extremely high success ratio of 57% through actual oil exploration with the abiogenic theory by 1990's. The exploration area in Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine, had been disqualified as a prospect for a long time, due to the absence of source rocks. However, over 50 oil and gas fields have been discovered in Precambrian crystalline basement rocks and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the area so far.</p><p>Practical applications of the abiogenic theory in explorations like the case of the Ukrinian Academy of Science are seldom performed in the world. However, the author sees that the said theory will soon be cognized as a highly effective exploration guide among oil exploration geologists.</p>

著者

中島 敬史

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.275-282, 2015-07

著者

栗原 正典

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.6, pp.469-481, 2013 (Released:2015-04-03)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

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Unconventional oil and gas attract attention as next generation energy, because of their vast amount of resources. A part of the unconventional oil and gas has been already produced on a commercial scale, while the development of some of them is still in the stage of research. This paper first reviews the methodologies for producing unconventional oil and gas, which are already utilized on a commercial basis or are considered to be promising in the research stage. It is, then, introduced how the existing production methods are being improved/modified to increase the productivity of unconventional oil and gas.In the development of heavy oil/extra heavy oil/bitumen, advanced production methods including the combination of steam and solvent injection as well as the in-situ upgrading are investigated besides conventional steam injection and in-situ combustion. In the shale gas/oil exploitation, it is well-known that the improvement and integration of horizontal well, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing and micro-seismic technologies have made it possible to dramatically increase the production rate. However, the area of high productivity, which is called a ‘sweet spot,’ is confined to small parts of a formation. Toward the identification of this sweet spot, there is a variety of research work conducted, including the examination of the effects of reservoir properties such as natural fracture permeability, matrix permeability and hydraulic fracture length on gas/oil production, and the investigation of the fluid flow mechanism through micro organic pores. The research work for the development of methane hydrate has started recently. Although the superiority of the depressurization method over other methods such as thermal methods has been revealed, the recovery of methane by depressurization is expected to be not more than 50-60%. The methodologies that can be applied in conjunction with and/or after depressurization are being pursued.

著者

佐々 保雄

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.28-33, 1955-03-30 (Released:2008-03-27)

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Two examples of oil seeps were found in 1954 in serpentine rocks of Hokkaido. These are the first occurrences discovered in such kind of rocks, although many showings had been previously found in areas of eruptive rocks in Japan. One of these seeps is located in a tributary of the Utonai river, Nakagawa village, Teshio province of northern central Hokkaido and the other is in the Mukawa river, Hobetsu village, Iburi province of the southern central Hokkaido. This paper describes its unusual type of oil seep and the related geology of the Utonai and the rare type of oil at the seep is also discussed. The crude oil is from fissure in serpentine. It is colorless, transparent and clear in appearance with a gasoline like smell and is probably natural gasoline. It is very light in specific gravity measuring 0.7707 at a temperature of 15.4°C. Its viscosity is also low which is 1.190 centipoise at a temperature of 30.0°C. and very gradually increases with increases in temperature. The behavior of the crude oil upon distillation is unusual. That is, it has a initial boiling point at 62.0°C. and is 98% of oil distilled out at a temperature of 246.0°C.The author concludes that the oil in the serpentine mass migrated from the surrounding Cretaceous oilbearing marine deposits after the serpentine intrusion into the Cretaceous. The characteristic properties of the crude oil developed by natural cracking resulting from residual heat in the igneous body. Decolorization caused by passing through clay within the serpentine as the oil moved up to the surface.The economical impotance of this field is still unknown but this occurrence suggests that more attention should be paid to the oil possibilities of the Cretaceous formations of the surounding region.