著者

門野 泉

出版者

英米文化学会

雑誌

英米文化 (ISSN:09173536)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.111-127, 2010-03-31

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Thomas Middleton's A Game at Chess provoked a scandal when it was first performed at the Globe Theatre in 1624. Due to the severe sarcasm it directed against Count Gondomar, former Spanish ambassador, and Catholic Spain, the play was banned by the Privy Council after 9 consecutive performances because it was considered that the King's Men had flouted the commandment that no contemporary Christian monarchs should be represented on stage. It seems certain that there were much more serious reasons why this play would have offended James I, who ordered an investigation into the offensive performances with the intent of making a severe example of the offenders. After strict interrogations, the Master of Revels and individual actors were found not guilty. After being given a stern warning, the King's Men were ordered to pay a light fine, and only Middleton was jailed in the Fleet prison. The decisions of the Privy Council appeared to be politically motivated and unfair. However, careful reading of the comedy reveals that the playwright portrayed James I as having innocent foolishness, lack of confidence, lacking both leadership and insight into human nature, and many other weaknesses as a king, in comparison with the Machiavellian Count Gondmar's superb political ability, sharp insight and brilliant tactics. There can be no doubt that the members of the Privy Council realized that Middleton's satire was focused not only on Spain but also on the King of England and his court. This would seem to explain why he received the heaviest sentence. Although this was an unfortunate outcome for him, when viewed from another angle, the punishment was a positive evaluation of his sharp satirical comedy, and therefore can be considered a "just reward" for his brilliant talent and sharp insight into human nature.

著者

福西 由実子

出版者

英米文化学会

雑誌

英米文化 (ISSN:09173536)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.75-95, 2005-03-31

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Mass-Observation (M-O) was probably the largest investigation into popular culture to be carried out in Britain in the 20^<th> Century. It was established in 1937 by a small group of upper-middle-class intellectuals. The founder, Tom Harrisson, an anthropologist, was aware of the serious gap between what ordinary people, 'the mass', actually thought and what the press, the media and politicians said they thought : 'How little we know of our next door neighbour and his habits; how little we know of ourselves. Of conditions of life and thought in another class, our ignorance is complete. The anthropology of ourselves is still only a dream'. M-O had three main methods : firstly, inviting ordinary people to report on their everyday lives in diary form; secondly, recruiting observers whose role was to watch, listen and document all aspects of ordinary behaviour; and thirdly, involving poets, writers and artists to comment subjectively, in complement to the documentary bias of the observers. These latter believed that it was possible to study society in an entirely objective manner and that the widespread collection of data would 'contribute to an increase in the general social consciousness'. This paper will examine M-O's first and most ambitious study on holiday culture in the seaside resort of Blackpool. This was called the Worktown Project, which, in addition to documenting Blackpool, looked at everyday life in nearby Bolton in 1937-9. (Both towns were chosen as representative of the industrial North.) There is evidence that M-O's image of working-class people and their holiday escapism in Lancashire during the Depression reveals a unique, deeply textured image of being on holiday and something of what it meant. This would suggest much about the evolution of the commercial mass leisure industry and the significance of leisure to the labouring classes.

著者

ウオルポール ヒュー 森川 隆之

出版者

英米文化学会

雑誌

現代英米研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.23-27, 1968-12-01

著者

ウオルポール ヒュー 森川 隆之

出版者

英米文化学会

雑誌

現代英米研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.46-59, 1969-09-01

著者

大野 直美

出版者

英米文化学会

雑誌

英米文化 (ISSN:09173536)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.57-67, 1997-03-31

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The aim of this paper is to analyze Rosie's character in Cakes and Ale. Rosie is conspicuous for her brightness and mysterious beauty in spite of her bad behavior. Her bad behavior is based on her instinct. She is always honest with herself and behaves as she pleases. In Cakes and Ale, "I"or narrator Ashenden, recalls her. "I" has memories of Rosie from when he was young and about fifty years later she reappears before him lively. "I" admires Rosie though she betrayed him in past days. Rosie must be the source of the warmth of Cakes and Ale because Maugham evidently loves his heroine and this love suffuses the whole book. In this paper I will try to examine Rosie in two separate appearances in the recollections of "I" and analyze why she attracts "I" and the readers' mind.

著者

Yokoyama Yoshio

出版者

英米文化学会

雑誌

英米文化 (ISSN:09173536)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.27-35, 1991-06-01

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マーガレット・ミッチェルの『風と共に去りぬ』とウィリアム・フォークナーの『アブサロム,アブサロム!』は,ともに歴史小説で,1936年に深南部で書かれた。両小説に共通するものとしてdynastyの興亡があげられる。『風と共に去りぬ』のジェラルド・オハラと『アブサロム,アブサロム!』のトマス・サトペンは,ともに貧乏白人で,自分のdynastyを建設するとき,動機は異なるが共通の野望を持ち,土地,奴隷,育ちのよい妻を持つことを望み,強い意志,実行力,勇気,抜け目なさ,独立心を持って行動する。ジェラルドのdynastyは,南北戦争によって崩壊するが,サトペンのdynastyは,南北戦争に加えて人種問題(黒白雑婚)によって崩壊する。サトペンの場合,息子のヘンリーが混血のチャールズ・ボンが妹と結婚するのを防ぐために彼を殺し,サトペン農園をさる。後継者がいなくなったことでdynastyは完全に崩壊する。一方,ジェラルドの場合は,dynastyは崩壊するが,娘スカーレットがアトランタで製材業を営み,タラ農園の経済を支え,後継者としてdynastyを再建する可能性を残す。このことは『風と共に去りぬ』では,「戦争中と戦争後をいかに生き抜くか」をテーマとしているのに対して,『アブサロム,アブサロム!』では,人種問題をテーマとしていることによるのである。

著者

君塚 淳一

出版者

英米文化学会

雑誌

英米文化 (ISSN:09173536)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.39-49, 1992-03-31

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Throughout their history before their immigration to America, Jewish people in the old world has always faced crises such as pogroms, holocausts or poverty. But it is also true that those crises made them aware of the intense consciousness of their Jewish identity. Their lives in America are well off and safe, however, which has ironically brought them a second crisis, that is their loss of identity. Therefore, it is needless to say that this loss of identity has been one of the themes of Jewish American writers. But being different from the writers who have remineded their readers of the old world and forced them to face the old crises, Paul Auster invents new circumstances in New York to warn his readers of this new identity crisis. This thesis compares earlier Jewish writers to Auster in order to illustrait his way of awakening the identity of American Jews.