著者

Hiroto MORITA Mutsuki ICHISHIMA Ipputa TADA Hirotsugu SHIROMA Makoto MIYAGI Teppei NAKAMURA Hiroshi TANAKA Shinya IKEMATSU

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.75-79, 2021 (Released:2021-01-08)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2

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Ogimi is one of Japan’s longevity villages and is located in Okinawa Prefecture. In this study, we focused on the elderly women living in the village, classified them into two groups based on whether or not they lived in Ogimi during the first 3 years of their lives, and compared the gut microbiota between the two groups. There were no differences in alpha and beta diversity; however, we found that the elderly women who lived in Ogimi during the first 3 years of their lives had a higher rate of Akkermansia muciniphila colonization in their guts.

著者

Ryodai YAMAMURA Koshi NAKAMURA Naoya KITADA Tomoyasu AIZAWA Yu SHIMIZU Kiminori NAKAMURA Tokiyoshi AYABE Takashi KIMURA Akiko TAMAKOSHI

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.11-17, 2020 (Released:2020-01-21)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

4 36

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In recent years, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to play an important role in maintaining human health. Fecal SCFA concentrations correlate well with colonic SCFA status and gut microbiota composition. However, the associations with the gut microbiota functional pathway, dietary intake, blood SCFAs, and fecal SCFAs remain uncertain. To clarify these relationships, we collected fecal samples, blood samples, and dietary habit data from 12 healthy adults aged 22–51 years. The relative abundance of several SCFA-producing bacteria, gut microbiota diversity, and functional pathways related to SCFA biosynthesis were positively associated with fecal SCFAs even after adjusting for age and sex. Furthermore, fecal acetate was likely to be positively associated with serum acetate. By contrast, dietary intake was not associated with fecal SCFAs. Overall, the present study highlights the potential usefulness of fecal SCFAs as an indicator of the gut microbiota ecosystem and dynamics of SCFAs in the human body.

著者

Duygu ALP Hakan KULEAŞAN

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.250-258, 2020 (Released:2020-10-13)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

7

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In an intestinal system with a balanced microbial diversity, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the key element which prevents the colonization and invasion of gut pathogens. Adhesion ability is important for the colonization and competition abilities of LAB. The aim of this study was to determine the adhesion and competition abilities of LAB by using a whole-tissue model. Indigenous strains were isolated from spontaneously fermented foods like cheese and pickles. The aggregation and competition abilities of the isolates were determined, as well as their resistance to gastrointestinal conditions. Four Lactobacillus strains and one Weissella strain were found to be highly competitive against three major gut pathogens, namely Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis. Tested strains decreased the number of pathogens to below their disease-causing levels. According to the results, the numbers of C. difficile and L. monocytogenes bacteria decreased by an average of 3 log, and their adhesion rates decreased by approximately 50%. However, the number of S. Enteritidis bacteria was decreased by only 1 log compared with its initial number. We thought that the weak effect on Salmonella was due to its possession of many virulence factors. The results showed that natural isolates from sources other than human specimens like the Weissella strain in this study were quite competent when compared with the human isolates in terms of their adhesion to intestines and resistance to gastrointestinal tract conditions. It was also revealed that a whole-tissue model with all-natural layers can be successfully used in adhesion and competition tests.

著者

Takeshi TSURUTA Emiko KATSUMATA Akiko MIZOTE Hou Jian JIAN Teresia Aluoch MUHOMAH Naoki NISHINO

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.188-196, 2020 (Released:2020-07-28)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

3

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Cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN) is a cyclic oligosaccharide. Oral administration of CNN promotes immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion in the gut. IgA is a major antibody secreted into the gut and plays a crucial role in suppressing gut inflammation due to commensal gut microbiota. To investigate the effect of administration of CNN to promote IgA secretion on gut inflammation, experimental colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in Balb/c mice after 6 weeks of CNN pre-feeding. The severity of colitis was evaluated based on a disease activity index (DAI), the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, and a histological examination. The CNN-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis (CNN-DSS group) showed significantly lower DAI scores and mRNA levels of interleukin-1 compared with the CNN-untreated mice with DSS-induced colitis (DSS group). Histological examination of the colon revealed that the pathological score was significantly lower in the CNN-DSS group compared with the DSS group due to the reduced infiltration of immune cells. The number of goblet cells was significantly higher in the CNN-DSS group compared with the DSS group. The IgA concentration and the ratio of microbiota coated with IgA were evaluated in the cecal content. Although there was no difference in the IgA concentration among groups, a higher proportion of cecal microbiota were coated with IgA in the CNN-DSS group compared with that in the DSS group. These results suggest that CNN might preserve goblet cells in the colon and promote IgA coating of gut microbiota, which synergistically ameliorate gut inflammation in mice with DSS-induced colitis.

著者

Kengo KAWASAKI Koutarou MUROYAMA Shinji MUROSAKI

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.25-29, 2018 (Released:2018-04-13)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

7

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Physiological symptoms of mood disturbances, such as fatigue or anxiety, are closely related to inflammation in the central nervous system or the whole body. Curcuma longa is widely used as a dietary spice and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. To investigate the effect of a water extract of C. longa (WEC) on emotional states, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted with healthy participants. Forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to receive five tablets containing 150 mg WEC and 0.40 mg bisacurone (L-WEC group), five tablets containing 900 mg WEC and 2.40 mg bisacurone (H-WEC group), or matching placebo tablets (placebo group) daily for 8 weeks. Participant emotional states were measured every 4 weeks using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The changes from week 0 to week 8 in the fatigue score of the POMS were significantly lower in the L-WEC group than in the placebo group. This result suggests that daily intake of 150 mg WEC may positively influence emotional fatigue, and further investigation focused on emotional fatigue is needed.

著者

Safaa ALTVEŞ Hatice Kübra YILDIZ Hasibe Cingilli VURAL

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.23-32, 2020 (Released:2020-04-09)

参考文献数

92

被引用文献数

267

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The human body contains many microorganisms, including a large number of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which are referred to as the microbiota. Compared with the number of cells comprising the human body, that of the microbiota has been found to be much larger. The microbiome is defined as microorganisms and their genomes have been shown to contain about 100 times more genes than the human genome. The microbiota affects many vital functions in the human body. It contributes to regulation of the immune system, digestion of food, production of vitamins such as B12 and K, metabolization of xenobiotic materials, and many other tasks. Many factors affect the microbiota biodiversity, such as diet, medicines including antibiotics, relationships with the environment, pregnancy, and age. Studies have shown that the lack of microbiota diversity leads to many diseases like autoimmune diseases such as diabetes type I, rheumatism, muscular dystrophy, problems in blood coagulation due to lack of vitamin K, and disturbances in the transfer of nerve cells due to lack of vitamin B12, in addition to its involvement in a number of conditions such as cancer, memory disorders, depression, stress, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest studies discussing the relationship between the microbiota and the human body in health and diseases.

著者

Ryohei SHINOHARA Kengo SASAKI Jun INOUE Namiko HOSHI Itsuko FUKUDA Daisuke SASAKI Akihiko KONDO Ro OSAWA

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.159-163, 2019 (Released:2019-10-30)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

9

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Microbial production of butyrate is impaired in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC); however, this inhibition is not well understood in Japanese UC patients. Therefore, we quantitatively analyzed genes encoding butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (but) and butyrate kinase (buk) in the gut microbiota of Japanese patients with UC and healthy volunteers (HVs). But showed higher levels than buk. Moreover, patients with UC showed significantly decreased levels of but associated with Roseburia sp./Eubacterium rectale compared with HVs. But, which is associated with Faecalibacterium sp., was maintained in patients with UC, with an unchanged relative abundance of Faecalibacterium sp. microorganisms in patients with UC compared with HVs.

著者

Gizem ÖZATA UYAR Hilal YILDIRAN

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-002, (Released:2019-06-29)

被引用文献数

29

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor impairment and the accumulation of alpha-synucleinopathy (α-syn), which can affect different levels of the brain-gut axis. There is a two-way communication between the gastrointestinal tract, and brain that includes the gut microbiota. This bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain includes many pathways, such as immune mechanisms, the vagus nerve, and microbial neurometabolite production. The common cause of constipation in PD is thought to be the accumulation of α-syn proteins in the enteric nervous system. Recent studies have focused on changes in microbial metabolites and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiota dysbiosis is associated with increased intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, and neuroinflammation. Many factors, such as unbalanced nutrition, antibiotic use, age, and infection, result in alteration of microbial metabolites, triggering α-syn accumulation in the intestinal mucosa cells. Increased evidence indicates that the amount, type, and balance of dietary macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats); high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids; and healthy diet patterns such as the Mediterranean diet may have a great protective impact on PD. This review focuses on the potential benefits of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics to regulate microbiota dysbiosis along with the effect of diet on the gut microbiota in PD.

著者

Takahiko NAGAMINE Yoshinobu MATSUMOTO Masaru NAKAMURA

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.31-33, 2019 (Released:2019-01-23)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

13

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The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is greater in elderly orthopedic patients. We conducted a retrospective case-control study by selecting elderly patients who underwent proximal femoral fracture surgery to investigate the effect of probiotics on CDI prevention. Cases were diagnosed with CDI by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for C. difficile toxins using frozen stool specimens. The primary method of exposure was receipt of combination probiotics such as Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus mesentericus, and Clostridium butyricum. The crude odds ratio between developing CDI and receiving combination probiotics was 0.074 (95% CI: 0.010–0.565; p=0.002). Adjunctive combination probiotics among elderly patients who undergo proximal femoral fracture surgery likely reduces the probability of CDI.

著者

Morihiko OYA Yutaka TADANO Yasuhiro TAKIHATA Wakana MURAKAMI Shigenori FUJII Kenji TAMAI Yuji MORIMOTO Fumitaka IKOMI Tetsuji TOKUNAGA

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.35-39, 2019 (Released:2019-01-23)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4

---

We aimed to determine whether the composition of the fecal microbiota changes under hyperbaric conditions. In this study, we collected fecal samples from 6 healthy divers at three points during deep diving training (before, 2.1 MPa, end). The frequency of Clostridium cluster XVIII tended to be increased after compression. The frequencies of Clostridium cluster IV and subcluster XIVa were inversely correlated with that of Bacteroides. The compositional changes in the fecal microbiota exhibited interindividual variability. These findings suggest that hyperbaric conditions affect the fecal microbiota.

著者

Hiroshi MAKINO

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18-011, (Released:2018-08-10)

被引用文献数

16

---

The gastrointestinal tract is believed to be colonized rapidly with bacteria immediately from birth. The source of these intestinal microbes is an ongoing topic of interest because increasing evidence suggests that the composition of the initial intestinal bacterial colonization strongly affects health. In particular, the source of bifidobacteria has received marked attention because these bacteria are suggested to play a crucial role in protecting against susceptibility to diverse diseases later in life. However, the source of these microbes has remained unclear. Recently, it was confirmed that mothers transmit their unique bifidobacterial strains to their children shortly after birth. The transmitted strains predominate during early infancy, suggesting that maternal intestinal bifidobacteria are an important source of the infant gut microbiota. Accordingly, maintenance of a healthy, balanced gut microbiota during pregnancy has an important positive influence on the newborn gut microbiota.

著者

Yuhi SAITO Toshihiro MIHARA Mamoru OKI Takehisa KUMAGAI

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.59-65, 2018 (Released:2018-07-26)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

5

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Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei 327 (L. casei 327) was isolated from brown rice. A preliminary study showed that intake of 50 mg of heat-killed L. casei 327 is effective in improving defecation. In this study, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial to investigate the effect of intake of heat-killed L. casei 327 (25 mg: approximately 5 × 1010 bacteria) on defecation in healthy volunteers with relatively low defecation frequencies. We selected 104 healthy Japanese adults with relatively low defecation frequencies (approximately 3–5 times a week) by screening and pretrial tests. Subjects (n=52 in each group) were randomly given a tablet containing L. casei 327 (group A) or a placebo tablet (group P) daily for 2 weeks. After eliminating data for 9 subjects who met the exclusion criteria for efficacy analysis, data for 95 subjects were analyzed. The defecation frequency and number of defecation days during the intake period and their changes from the pretrial period were significantly higher in group A than in group P. The fecal volume during the intake period was higher in group A than group P, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the change from the pretrial period was significantly higher in group A than in group P. There were no significant differences between groups in the values of fecal shape, color, odor, and feeling after defecation. These results suggested that intake of L. casei 327 improves defecation in healthy adults who have relatively low defecation frequencies.

著者

Takamitsu TSUKAHARA Shin-ichi NAKAMURA Gustavo A. ROMERO-PÈREZ Makoto OHWAKI Takaharu YANAGISAWA Tatsuhiko KAN

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.49-57, 2018 (Released:2018-07-26)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

8

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It is well known dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) stimulates cell-mediated immunity such as natural killer (NK) activity in mice. Here, we aimed to assay the immunomodulatory effects of a cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain KH-2 (CPEF). We further evaluated the possibility of antitumour activity caused by CPEF administration, because NK cells actively participate in the prevention of tumour formation. NK cell activity and gene expression of IFN-γ and Perforin 1, which were induced most likely by a synergetic action of their cytotoxic activity, were higher in splenocytes of CPEF-administered mice than they were in control mice. Moreover, unlike those of control mice, the splenocytes of CPEF-administered mice had significantly higher CD28+CD69+/CD4+ and CD28+CD69+/CD8+ ratios that resulted in a survival rate with a tendency toward improvement after 47 days of CPEF administration (p=0.1) in Meth-A fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. In conclusion, we showed that CPEF might be effective in treating Meth-A fibrosarcoma in mice, as it helped increase their survival rate via stimulation of an immune response in splenocytes, which involved systemic cellular immunity processes such as cytotoxic activity, and active T cells.

著者

Shintaro MAENO Leon DICKS Junichi NAKAGAWA Akihito ENDO

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.147-149, 2017 (Released:2017-10-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

15

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Potential fructophilic characteristics of Lactobacillus apinorum, originally isolated from the guts of honeybees (Apis mellifera), were studied in the present study. The species showed typical fructophilic growth characteristics, i.e., active growth on d-fructose, poor growth on d-glucose, and accelerated growth on d-glucose in the presence of electron acceptors. Biochemical characteristics strongly supported classification of the species into fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB). Furthermore, genetic analyses suggested that the species underwent extensive gene reduction, similar to that recorded for Lactobacillus kunkeei and other FLAB. These data clearly indicated that L. apinorum is the second fructophilic species within the genus Lactobacillus.

著者

Eiichiro NAITO Yasuto YOSHIDA Satoru KUNIHIRO Kumiko MAKINO Kohei KASAHARA Yuu KOUNOSHI Masanori AIDA Ryotaro HOSHI Osamu WATANABE Tomoki IGARASHI Kouji MIYAZAKI Hideki ITO

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.9-18, 2018 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

38

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An obesity-related prediabetic state is characterised by metabolic abnormalities such as post-glucose load hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia and consequently increases the risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on metabolic abnormalities in obese prediabetic subjects in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Herein, 100 obese subjects (body mass index ≥25), who had moderate post-load hyperglycaemia (1-hr post-load plasma glucose (PG) levels ≥180 mg/dl during the oral glucose tolerance test), consumed LcS-fermented milk or placebo milk daily for 8 weeks. The post-load PG and fasting blood markers were evaluated. Although post-load PG levels were not significantly different between the groups, 1-hr post-load PG, glycoalbumin, and HbA1c levels decreased at 8 weeks compared with the baseline levels only in the LcS group (p=0.036, p=0.002, and p=0.006, respectively). The reduction in glycoalbumin levels was statistically significantly greater in the LcS group than in the placebo group (p=0.030). Stratified analyses revealed significantly improved 1-hr post-load PG and glycoalbumin levels in the LcS group compared with the placebo group among subjects with severe glucose intolerance (2-hr post-load PG levels higher than the median at baseline; p=0.036 and p=0.034, respectively). In terms of lipidic outcomes, total, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the LcS group than in the placebo group (p=0.023, p=0.022, and p=0.008, respectively). These findings suggest that LcS may favourably affect metabolic abnormalities in obese prediabetic subjects, though the effects on glycaemic control may be limited.

著者

Hiroshi ASHIGAI Yuta KOMANO Guanying WANG Yasuji KAWACHI Kazuko SUNAGA Reiko YAMAMOTO Ryoji TAKATA Mika MIYAKE Takaaki YANAI

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.19-24, 2018 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

10

---

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that causes dry skin and functional disruption of the skin barrier. AD is often accompanied by allergic inflammation. AD patient suffer from heavy itching, and their quality of life is severely affected. Some pharmaceuticals for AD have some side effects such as skin atrophy. So it is necessary to develop mild solutions such as food ingredients without side effects. There are various causes of AD. It is especially induced by immunological imbalances such as IFN-γ reduction. IFN-γ has an important role in regulating IgE, which can cause an allergy reaction. NC/Nga mice develop AD and IgE hyperproduction. In a previous study, we revealed that administration of polysaccharide from black currant (R. nigrum) has an effect on immunomodulation. It induces IFN-γ production from myeloid dendritic cells. We named this polysaccharide cassis polysaccharide (CAPS). In this report, we studied the effect of administering CAPS on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Thirty NC/Nga mice that developed symptoms of atopic dermatitis were used. We divided them into three groups (control, CAPS administration 12 mg/kg/day, CAPS administration 60 mg/kg/day). For 4 weeks, we evaluated clinical score, serum IgE levels, gene expression of spleen, and skin pathology. We revealed that CAPS administration improves atopic dermatitis symptoms. We also found that CAPS administration suppresses IgE hyperproduction and induces IFN-γ gene transcription in the spleen. Finally, we confirmed that CAPS administration suppresses mast cell migration to epidermal skin. These results indicated that CAPS has an effect on AD.