著者

Ryohei Yamashita Hedetsugu Morimoto

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.16-29, 2021-07-15 (Released:2021-07-15)

参考文献数

35

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Since the implementation of feed in tariffs (FIT: a subsidy policy to promote the spread of renewable energy), the external diseconomies of solar panels installed in excess, to earn income from the sale of electricity from photovoltaic power generation, have become apparent. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to identify the impact of the installation of photovoltaic power generation facilities on the living space of citizens. Using data collected through a web survey of residents living in five prefectures in the north-eastern Kanto region of Japan, a spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to identify the spatial distribution of discomfort caused by photovoltaic power generation facilities. The results clearly indicated that the spatial discomfort of these residents living in clusters, increased with the installation of the solar panels in their living space. Some of the residents intend making radical demands for corporate action to alleviate their discomfort; such actions can lead to environmental conflict. The results demonstrate that radical solutions are necessary to reduce the spread of this discomfort. By further utilizing the data obtained in this study, it will be possible to estimate the regions at risk of solar panel-related conflict more objectively.

著者

Yong Lin Zhenjiang Shen Xiao Teng

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.1-23, 2022-01-15 (Released:2022-01-15)

参考文献数

35

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In the era of big data, personal information has been widely shared and used, which facilitates personal life, social production and public management but also brings the risk of personal information abuse.Personal information has multiple values involving with personality dignity and freedom, economic use, and public management. Meanwhile, the stakeholders relevant to personal information have become more and more diverse, leading to increasingly urgent demand for sharing and using personal information. With the great improvements in the processing efficiency and transmission rate of personal information, it has become much easier to share personal information, which makes the application of the principle of informed consent more difficult. In this circumstance, "Rational Expectation"rule becomes a new option of personal information protection in the era of big data. By assessing the risk of personal information sharing with matrix method in application contexts, it discusses the criteria of risk control under rational expectation rule. If the risk assessed is at the level of low risk, the sharing and use of personal information in this context complies with the rational expectation rule; If the risk assessed is at the level of medium risk, it is necessary to take measures timely and actively to reduce the risk and reassess the risk; If the risk assessed is at the level of high risk, the rational expectation rule is not applicable, the personal information controller should significantly inform the information subject and obtain consent before sharing the personal information. If there are multiple risk points in the application context, when and only when each risk level judged must be low risk, the rational expectation rule can be applied. Based on the rational expectation rule, we can achieve the balance of interests among personal information protection, digital economic development and public interest maintenance, so as to coordinate the promotion of digital innovation, economic development and social progress, and realize the unity of effective protection and rational use of personal information.

著者

Rebeka Petrtýlová Jaššo Matej

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.19-37, 2022-04-15 (Released:2022-04-15)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Urban waterfronts have undergone a long process of evolution, and their functions, designs and primary uses have naturally developed along their entire length within cities. Unique character areas have emerged alongside rivers. They serve as key elements in building the city–river relationship, and represent valuable spaces with various identities that complement each other while contributing to the overall identity of the city. However, the unique place identity of the river and the city–river relationship are underestimated and not formally established. The development of waterfronts is often uncoordinated, and their full potential remains unexploited. To understand the character and nature of a particular place, the connotations that its users ascribe to it must be examined. In order to define the character elements that form the basis of the identity of waterfront character areas, we conducted a questionnaire survey and a socio-spatial analysis. The study defined the character areas of the Bratislava waterfront, highlighting their variability, distinct characters, functions, and utilisation. A vision for each character area of the Bratislava waterfront was formulated based on the defined character elements. A sensitive approach to the development of unique character areas of waterfronts can bring diversity, sustainability and inclusivity, and provide reasons to visit the river space. Character areas of waterfronts should be preserved and developed with a long-term vision while respecting the specific identity of a given place.

著者

Megan M Bruwer Lize Neethling

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.209-227, 2022-01-15 (Released:2022-01-15)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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Fast-food drive-throughs are a common feature in our fast-paced lives where convenience and service access are highly prized. This convenience comes at a high environmental price: long queues of idling vehicles guzzle fuel and generate emissions linked to global warming and health concerns. Drive throughs also generate significant income for franchisees and reduce parking requirements at fast-food outlets. Fast-food and drive-throughs are becoming more prevalent in the developing world at a time when these countries are facing rapidly increasing traffic congestion, driven by a desire for private transport use. This study considers aspects of sustainability of drive-throughs according to the mobility paradigm in the developing world, where vehicle centric urban form and rapid development are contributing to a mobility crisis. The drive-through is a prime example of capitalist vehicle-centric urban form. This paper is intended as a starting point for discussion on drive-through appropriateness in developing countries. Only two aspects of drive-through operations are considered in this initial investigation: the cost of using a drive through (fuel cost and environmental cost, approximated by the emissions load), and the space saving benefit realized by eliminating parking. This research found that drive-throughs save substantial land area by reducing parking and stimulate higher profits, making it unlikely that drive-throughs will be phased out, even with the significant environmental impact of drive throughs quantified in this paper. Recommendations for improved operations of drive-throughs are therefore suggested to mitigate long idling times in drive-through queues, and a call for more sustainable land-use planning is proposed.

著者

Qingming Zhan Yuli Fan Yinghui Xiao Wanlu Ouyang Yuliang Lan Zhicheng Jin Jie Yin Li Zhang

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, pp.148-164, 2018-10-15 (Released:2018-10-15)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 5

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This paper introduces a comprehensive framework that assesses the urban heat environment and formulates urban wind paths. Compared with other ecosystems, the wind environment and heat environment in urban areas can be much more complicated and dynamic. Nonetheless, it is of great concern considering the agglomerated population and industries at stake. Hence, multiple computational techniques are developed to assess the contemporary heat environment, and to formulate feasible policies to improve it to a more liveable state by introducing the solution of natural wind. Three key factors are considered: solar radiation, which is the major source of heat; wind direction and wind speed, which transports heat in space; and urban land surface, which may affect radiation reflection, contain auxiliary heat sources or cause vertical air flow. Hence, mesoscale meteorological data are applied to provide information about solar radiation, and are used for simulating local wind flow; Landsat images can be translated into land surface temperature figures; and building and land use databases provide information about built-up features. These combined, the local heat environment in urban areas can be mapped and monitored in a periodic fashion, with wind path analysis providing possibilities in cooling down the hotspots. Practices in cities including Fuzhou and Wuhan have proved constructive, with some others still underway.

著者

Hoon Han Sumin Kim Mee Youn Jin Chris Pettit

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.41-61, 2021-04-15 (Released:2021-04-15)

参考文献数

79

被引用文献数

1 4

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This paper examined the impact of providing affordable rental housing through inner-city urban renewal projects in Australia. Providing affordable rental housing for lower-income households remains a challenge for planners, builders, policymakers and residents alike. Government intervention for inclusionary zoning in Australia has enhanced affordable housing supply but has also generated negative impacts such as NIMBY-ism, decreasing house price and urban sprawl. This study conducted in-depth interviews with housing and planning experts in affordable housing projects in Australia and evaluated the barriers and opportunities of providing affordable rental housing as stand-alone projects, or as part of urban renewal projects. This study found several existing challenges such as limited longevity of related policies and limited financing sources for renewal projects. The findings inform policymakers that the existing housing affordability issue can be tackled by adopting more innovative approaches such as negative gearing.

著者

Yuanyi Zhang Zhang Ying Zhenjiang Shen Tatsuya Nishino Xiaojuan Chen

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.53-67, 2015-04-15 (Released:2015-04-15)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

6 8

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Historic preservation, adaptive reuse, and sustainable urban design that considers the full range of social, environmental, and economic factors is an essential component of sustainable urban development, while the mapping of historic buildings which can be archived and extracted for application, is the basic work on the protection of historic buildings and adaptive reuse. Traditional mapping methods need more time and more workers, and there are measured omissions, mistakes and other issues which go against the protection of the measured objects. 3D laser scanning technology is a new technique for quickly getting three-dimensional information. This paper introduced a measurement principle for 3D laser scanning technology and took Shang Shu Di, a Ming Dynasty building which is an officially protected heritage site of China in Taining County of Fujian Province, as a case study, and studied the application of mapping historic buildings based on 3D laser scanning technology. Then, a comparison of 3D laser scanning technology with the traditional method of detailed components mapping has been illustrated to indicate the advantage of 3D laser scanning technology in historic building mapping. Finally, aimed at the technical problems of the huge amount of data generated in the application process and the software defects of Cyclone, this paper presented two specific coping strategies which are “reasonable data collection and processing” and “construction of historic building components database”.

著者

Michael Batty

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.1-9, 2021-01-15 (Released:2021-01-15)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

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Demographic growth and the continued evolution of cities call for a new approach to better observe and research our understanding of cities. A new science based on big data, urban modelling and network theory is emerging, providing a different and rather new perspective for planners and decision-makers so that they might learn about both current and future cities. In this article, the new science is briefly introduced from four aspects: Aggregate dynamics; Form and function; High frequency cities; and New tools & techniques for planning. Examples are given to show how this new science illustrates the real-time city, as well as the structure and functional boundaries of a city, while future practice and further exploration of this new science in urban planning and policy making are explored.

著者

Adjie Pamungkas Santika Purwitaningsih

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.78-92, 2021-01-15 (Released:2021-01-15)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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Spatial plans are key instruments in directing future developments and reducing a city’s flash flood risk. This study conducts a surface runoff simulation using SWAT analysis in the Kedurus catchment area. SWAT analysis is a hydrological analysis to measure surface runoff from precipitation with consideration of land uses, soil types, climatic data, topography and related infrastructure systems. Based on the simulation, four sub-catchment areas are currently experiencing flash flooding. Surabaya’s detailed spatial plan (RDTR) could reduce the total flood volume in the city by fifty-one per cent if all measures (drainage and other infrastructures) in the plan are implemented successfully. Nevertheless, the implementation of the measures is still questionable due to limited budget and land acquisition. In the case of plan failure, the planned developments will cause higher surface runoff, putting Surabaya is at higher risk of flooding. Therefore, Surabaya needs to diversify its flash flood risk reduction approach to ensure that the plan will achieve a low-risk city in the future.

著者

Ryohei Yamashita Kensaku Morisawa

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.124-136, 2020-01-15 (Released:2020-01-15)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3

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Land consolidation (LC) is implemented as a public project that contributes to the improvement of agricultural productivity, and its effect is evaluated mainly by labour productivity and land productivity. However, to maintain both agricultural production and the social community, understanding the impact on non-farmers in the community as one of the aspects of LC is extremely important. In this study, we surveyed rural areas about eight years after the LC was implemented by posted questionnaire and analysed the difference between farmers' and non-farmers' perceptions of the multifaceted evaluation items on the policy effect. The evaluation points for the LC include the following: [1] Impact on farming and farmland preservation, [2] Impact on community activation, and [3] Impact on collaboration between farmers and non-farmers. Results can be summarized as follows: First, it was confirmed that there is a trend for non-farmers' attachment to the area to be reduced because of LC. Second, non-farmers evaluations that LC attracts young farmers were also low. However, this opinion was much more noticeable in non-farmers who had quit agriculture recently than in the generation that had left agriculture because of LC. In other words, LC is a useful policy for improving agricultural conditions and agricultural structure. However, in some cases, the connections between farmers and non-farmers is weakened. Thus, cooperative activities to actively prevent this weakening are important.

著者

Lei Zhang

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.4-18, 2017-10-15 (Released:2017-10-15)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 10

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The water-quality index is a grading system for presenting water-quality data and comparing water of varying quality. It can be used in water quality trend analyses and presents valuable information to policy makers, managers, and other nontechnical people. For exploring water quality and identifying the main pollution parameter in the lower reaches of Liao River, Single Factor Evaluation (SFE) method in the form of a Comprehensive Water Pollution Index (CWPI), the Nemerow-Sumitomo Water Quality Index (NWQI), and the Comprehensive Water Quality Identification Index (CWQII) method were used to evaluate water quality in lower reaches of Liao River, Liaoning province, China. The results proved that at Zhaoquan river and Wailiao river the water quality status was good, and Pangxiegou river and Qingshui river showed unsatisfactory water quality status. The major pollution indicator in lower reaches of Liao River was petroleum, and compared with the other assessment methods, CWQII was found to give more useful and objective information, and it is worth further promoting water quality inspections in lower reaches of Liao River. Finally, according to the distribution of industry in the Liao river basin, this study makes some relevant suggestions for sustainable development in the future.

著者

Paiyao Hung Kuanghui Peng

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.55-70, 2017-01-15 (Released:2017-01-15)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3 13

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By means of “going greener”, “getting smarter” and “converging smart-green”, an innovation-driven smart city could address the steps toward more sustainability and aim toward improved human well-being. A vertical greening means a vertical triumph of greenery in a high density urban area, in some ways it displays the level of smartness and greenness in a city. Researchers have suggested the use of vertical greening in urban areas to improve sustainability of the environment. However, conventional vertical greening is in open fields, unprotected, threatened by climate disasters, lacking in better controlled climate conditions and plant response-based circumstances. In addition are always the challenges of energy saving, reduction of CO2 emissions, reduction in water use and in pesticide use. A greenhouse system could instead solve different facets of these problems in conventional vertical greening to achieve an optimal balance between an efficient environmental control and efficient plant use of available resources. The greenhouse solution appears to be intellectually justifiable, adaptable and innovative, and appears beneficial to a smart-green and sustainable smart city. Through the literature review and foresighted design point of view, the paper first summarizes the major concepts and trends of smart cities, vertical greening usage and new greenhouse technologies, and approaches an introduction to the relationship and development between vertical greening and greenhouse systems, and is followed by a presentation of a proposed novel prototype of a green-energy, water-autonomous greenhouse system. The sophisticated and multi disciplinary greenhouse system reveals its innovations and advantages by using water resources and solar energy in a rational way, fit for an alternative technology approach towards sustainable smart-green vertical greening in smart cities. Aimed at improving responsiveness, efficiency and performance for environmental and resource sustainability, and also aimed at improving well-being, the system is expected to be a foresight with simplicity in evolutionary vertical greening. By means of Industry Foundation Classes file format, with a true BIM model consisting of a digital prototype of the physical elements, further design of the system will allow us to simulate an ideal greenhouse type of vertical greening and understand its behavior in both the computer environment and actual on-site construction, as well as allow the building of a smart-green point cloud with BIM workflow on any network in a smart city.

著者

Chiranthanin Kitika Suzuki Katsuhiko

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.106-122, 2016

被引用文献数

2

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Chiang Mai is the second biggest city in Thailand. With its own history, this city has been represented as a culture city but many economic growths have been increasing at the same time. Many areas in the city are turning toward economic purposes, especially Nimmanhaemin District, which is currently well known as a business district for dining and entertainment spots where it was originally a planned area for single house real estate and had followed grid system planning following modern thought since 1980s. The strong character of this district is in its street network which is related to the grid system and provides for communities on "Soi" (Thai, meaning alleys that connect to the main street). With rapidly economic development in the last 15 years, area uses on the Nimmanhaemin street network have been turning toward business purposes and have grown without direction or limits. The most invested in are residential and commercial uses. There can be found numbers of new apartments which were built into old residential areas. In addition, researchers have found conflicts and controversies between old residents and new communities which are permanently related to urban management such as traffic circulation, zoning, image of the city and community design. Because previous government strategies were lacking local input, analysis of existing communities' relations is required. This research hypothesis is to posit sustainable communities which move forward with a "Community Drive" where cultural and creative activities create a balance between social relations (Existing residents and present business grouping) and business aims. Then, this research aims to integrate "Neighbourhood" into apartments which lack social interaction and public mind as a part of community. This research methodology identifies the relationship between existing residents and present business groups which refer to concerned theories; "The Production of Space" theory by Henri Lefebvre and "Neighbourhood" by Nicholas Patricios, which defines the "Neighbourhood"concept as a retrospective of physical design and social interaction. Analysis was conducted based on community participation and questionnaire data. The implications of this research are applications and strategies toward integrating a "Neighbourhood Network" on a condominium floor plan for a case study of a condominium community.

著者

Kheyroddin Reza Taghvaee Aliakbar Forouhar Amir

出版者

International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

雑誌

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (ISSN:21873666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.64-75, 2014

被引用文献数

6

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Introducing urban public transportation facilities into a region often creates a significant opportunity to accelerate the process of development through affecting on the property values. Better access, more mobility options, and lower transportation costs are important factors that increase the land values of such regions, especially in blighted and poor neighbourhoods. This issue is important in Tehran Metropolis, because during the past decades an obvious kind of spatial segregation has been formed between the rich north (with high spatial quality) and the poor south (with low spatial quality) due to unequal distribution of opportunities and resources. On the other side, according to the population demand, Metro System is being developed rapidly in the city. Thus a comparative field study on the impacts of metro stations on property values in Tehran can represent not only the various impacts of metro station establishing on different urban textures, but also its consequences on reducing the spatial segregation in the city. We presume that the poor areas under discussion (southern regions) have received more benefits than the rich areas in terms of residential property values. So, establishing of metro stations in the poor and blighted regions of the city can improve the development potentials at these areas. Such improvement in spatial quality of the southern neighbourhoods of the city can reduce the spatial segregation in Tehran Metropolis. The hypothesis has been tested with a field study around Shariati Street Metro Station (in the northern part of Tehran) and Shohada Square Metro Station (in the southern part) with considering the quantitative (polynomial regression) and qualitative (personal interview) methods of impact assessment. The results show that establishing of metro stations has a consistently higher positive impact on the residential property values at the poor regions compared with the rich areas. Therefore, by means of acceleration in the values of the poor southern regions, Tehrans long-standing segregation will gradually diminish and subsequently the spatial urban integration will show itself, though in a rather long time.