著者
清成 忠男
出版者
JAPAN PUBLIC CHOICE SOCIETY
雑誌
公共選択の研究 (ISSN:02869624)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2011, no.56, pp.18-18, 2011
著者
村瀬 英彰
出版者
JAPAN PUBLIC CHOICE SOCIETY
雑誌
公共選択の研究 (ISSN:02869624)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.40, pp.26-34, 2003

本稿では, 民主主義制度が社会的見て非効率な政策選択をもたらすいわゆる「民主主義の失敗」が生じる新たなメカニズムを提示する.メカニズムの背景にある基本仮定は, 投票者は政策がもたらす経済的利得に最も関心があるという意味において殆ど合理的であるが, ごくわずかに政策それ自体, いいかえればイデオロギーにも選好を有し自らが選好しない政策を支持することにコストを感じるというものである.このとき, 個々の投票者のイデオロギー選好が殆どないに等しい無視しうるものであっても, それが選挙という集計装置を通じると社会全体としての政治的選択に大きな影響を与え, 投票者の政策選択を投票者の効用を大きく下げるという意味で完全に非合理なものとする可能性があることを示す.また, 各投票者の行動が他の投票者の行動に対する予想によって左右されるという投票行動の相互依存関係が生じ, 選挙結果に予見不可能性が持ち込まれることも示す.
著者
深谷 昌弘
出版者
JAPAN PUBLIC CHOICE SOCIETY
雑誌
公共選択の研究 (ISSN:18846483)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1987, no.9, pp.27-37, 1987

Is the burden of debt financed public expenditure shifted to future generations, or not? This was the main issue in the so called "public debt burden dispute", which took place during the period from the second half of 1950's to the first half of 1960's. J. M. Buchanan challanged the Keynesian proposition that the choice of financing methods between tax and debt brings about no difference in resource amount available for the privatesector, and that the burden, therefore, arises at the time of the expenditure and could not be shifted to future generations.<BR>The dispute was furious and produced various suggestions. Some of the participants in the dispute maintained that the shifting of the burden does occur and some others said it doesn't. However, it ended up unsettled without any theoretical consolidation. Reviewing the issue at the present time, it seems possible to give a more consistent and reconcilatory understanding to the main controversial points. The use of the framework of inter-temporal consumption model makes this possible. This framework has now become our common analitical tool but it wasn't at that time.<BR>The essential point is that public debt finance gives rise to the transfer of personal disposable wealth from future generations to present generation. This is also a very important point to understand the imprications of recent criticisms against Keynesian policy raised from the two different directions both, the Public Choice Group, the leader of which is J. M. Buchanan, and the Rational Expectationists, one of representatives of which is R. J. Barro.