著者

Paul D. YABLO Nigel P. FIELD

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.236-251, 2007 (Released:2007-12-14)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

4 13

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62 Thai and 56 U.S. college students were examined on altruism and helping behavior. Thai-Buddhist culture has traditionally taught the importance of prosocial behaviors. Participants were administered the Self-Report Altruism (SRA) Scale, a specially developed projective measure (Altruism Apperception Test) and an indepth interview. Thais scored significantly higher than U.S. subjects on the SRA Scale (p < .001), and manifested a greater tendency to both offer altruistic projections on the AAT (p < .001) and report that they would personally help in such situations (p < .001). An exploratory, mediational analysis performed on the interview data of a subset of participants revealed that Thais appealed to religion as a reason for helping significantly more than Americans (p < .001), while Americans specifically mentioned religion was not a reason significantly more than Thais (p = .002). Findings suggest a relationship between socio-cultural-religious values and prosocial behavior in that Thai-Buddhist-affiliative-collectivistic society appears more altruistically-oriented than the American relatively more areligious achievement or individualistic-based society. Recommendations are that further studies be conducted to support the validation of the projective measure and explore the possible influence of the spirituality and individualism-collectivism constructs.

著者

Agata KRAJEWSKA Anna WALIGÓRSKA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.61-74, 2015 (Released:2016-06-08)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 3

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This study investigated preferences towards abstract vs. realist and low vs. high complexity paintings in context of personality traits (measured with NEO PI-R Inventory), selected demographics and art experience (aesthetic interests, knowledge and preferences). 134 participants completed an online survey, rating attractiveness and artistic value of 48 paintings grouped on two continuum scales: abstractedness-realism and general complexity of the composition. Art experience and Openness to Experience positively (while Neuroticism and Conscientiousness negatively) correlated with high judgments of abstract and low complexity artworks. High Extraversion level was positively correlated with high ratings of abstract paintings. The findings support some and contradict other previous results, reflecting the need of application of stylistic dichotomy scales (rather than style differentiation) into future research.

著者

Jackie ANDRADE Lucy DONALDSON

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.76-89, 2007 (Released:2007-09-12)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

18 26

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We tested the hypothesis that olfactory information can be temporarily retained in a modality-specific short-term memory system. The results of two experiments using short-term memory tasks supported this hypothesis. Experiment 1 showed an effect of concurrent odour memory on digit recall that was equivalent to the effect of concurrent visual memory and smaller than that of concurrent verbal memory. Experiment 2 showed a detrimental effect of concurrent odour memory on odour recognition, and no effect of concurrent verbal and visual memory tasks. Based on these findings, and on published evidence for rehearsal and imagery of olfactory information, we tentatively conclude that there is a subsystem in working memory dedicated to temporary maintenance of olfactory information.

著者

Muhammad Kamal UDDIN Yuri NINOSE Sachio NAKAMIZO

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.28-34, 2004 (Released:2004-05-21)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 3

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We tested the two-process model of spatial localization (Adam, Ketelaars, Kingma, & Hoek, 1993) by measuring accuracy and precision of localization performance in three stimulus conditions: (i) no-saccade — observers were to maintain gaze on the fixation mark while target appeared for 1 s, (ii) saccade to on-target — they had to quickly saccade to and fixate on target remaining on for 1 s, and (iii) saccade to off-target — they had to quickly saccade to the target appeared for 150 ms. Observers’ task was to adjust position of a mouse cursor manually so that its position corresponds to the perceived position of the target. Results with six observers are consistent with the model suggesting localization performance to be mediated by memory-guided saccade for brief target and visually guided saccade for long duration target. The results further suggest that the memory-guided saccade provides relatively less accurate and precise information for localization and is a function of target eccentricity.

著者

Takashi NAITO Yuriko SAKATA

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.179-194, 2010 (Released:2010-11-03)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

11 36

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To explore different functions of gratitude and indebtedness, two questionnaire studies were conducted with female university students in Japan. These studies examined the correlations between positive feelings, regret, and indebtedness when receiving a favor, and the resulting feelings such as the enhancement of prosocial motivation (wish to help) and the obligation to help others. The results of Study 1 suggested that positive feelings and indebtedness in a hypothetical helping situation differently correlated with other variables: Positive feelings had a significant positive correlation with the enhancement of prosocial motivation. In contrast, indebtedness had a significant positive correlation with enhancement of obligation (should help). Study 2 was conducted by using positive and socially conceptualized feeling items such as the fulfillment of friendship. Results suggested that the social conceptualization might add obligatory nature to the positive feelings.