著者

島田 充彦

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.151-160, 1993-05-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

64

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Deep-focus earthquakes occur at depths from the earth's surface up to 680 km (corresponding to pressure of 24 GPa). They occur only in the restricted areas in the earth, or the subduction zones. There have been many studies on the nature of the deep-focus earthquakes, but they have not been widely accepted since each model has both advantage and disadvantage to explain the observation facts and the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of rocks and minerals. Recently, two new models are proposed based on the high pressure experiments, to - gether with our understanding of the structure of the subduction zone. One is the transformation faulting (or anticrack faulting) model, and the other is the amorphization model. In this article, these new models inferred from high pressure experiments are reviewed with the brief history of the finding of deep - focus earthquakes and of the studies of their mechanism.

著者

伊妻 猛志

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.107-111, 1995-05-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

21

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Explosion bonding process introduced commercially in 1960 has developed steadily and expanded its applications. This unique joining process makes use of controlled explosive energy and enables us to bond various kinds of dissimilar metal combinations metallurgically. This paper reviews the development of the process and describes bonding conditions, advantages and limitations of the process, and its applications.

著者

竹村 謙一

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.150-155, 1996-08-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

41

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Experimental aspects of pressure-induced metallization and structural change of rare gas solids are reviewed. The metallization process of xenon, which has been extensively investigated through optical measurements, is described in more detail as an example.

著者

直木 基祐

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.109-116, 1999-05-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

6 5

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Glass transformations, glass transition temperatures, various glassy states under elevated pressures, and polyamorphism are reviewed. There are two types of polyamorphism in the glassy states: the first is that produced from the history of glass-forming conditions, and the second is that produced from changes in the structure of liquids. A critical point of structural polyamorphism is deduced from the recent experiments on the first-order like glass-glass transition of tetrahedral glasses. The critical point locates on the equilibrium liquid surface in the P-V-T space under an elevated pressure below the glass transition temperature, but above the Kauzmann temperature. The low-temperature limit of the liquid under the critical pressure is the critical point; and the liquid, except the critical pressure, vitrifies gradually without any transition. The equations of the glassy states are briefly discussed.

著者

加藤 隆二

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.159-166, 1997-08-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

31

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In this article, an effect of ultrasound on chemical reactions is reviewed. The sonochemical reaction proceeds at a hot spot produced by cavitation of bubble, i. e., creation and collapse of a bubble in liquid. Temperature and pressure at the hot spot exceed 5000 K and 100 MPa, respectively, therefore, pyrolysis of solvent can occur. We present experimental technique and our recent results of sonochemical decomposition of organic liquids and synthesis of C60 from liquid benzene.

著者

田村 勝弘

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.142-149, 1994-05-20 (Released:2010-02-05)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 1

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Recent studies on behaviors of Escherichia coli and yeast at 10- 40 MPa where these microorganisms can survive were summarized. The aspects covered are, 1) abnormal elongation of Escherichia coli cell by application of high pressure, 2) correlation between hydrophobicity of the cell surface of E. coli and drug susceptibility under high pressure, 3) stress response of yeast (induction of various tolerance by heat shock and drug shock in yeast), and 4) pressure reversal of alcohol effects on the growth of yeast and its application to alcoholic fermentation under high pressure.

著者

大谷 栄治

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.12-18, 1994-02-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

12

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Interior of the Earth and planets is one of the most important targets for the high pressure research. In this paper, gross pictures on the layered structure, chemical compositions, and the pressure and temperature conditions of the Earth interior are presented. Some topics on the high pressure research relevant to the Earth interior are also reviewed.

著者

清水 克哉

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.194-199, 2000-08-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Oxygen is popular but unique among diatomic molecules in that it behaves magnetically at low temperature. Under high pressure, however, we expect the insulator-metal transition. This expectation has been suggested by measuring its optical reflectivity[1] under high pressures around 95 GPa (1 Mbar). A new structural transition[2] is considered to be accompanied by metallization. Obviously, the most direct method of detecting metallization is to measure the electrical resistance. We measured the resistance of oxygen at pressures of over 100 GPa[3] and identified the metallic state from a change in the slope of dR/dT. In this paper, we present our findings on the superconducting transition of oxygen under high pressures of around 100 GPa and at temperatures of under 0. 6 K. The superconducting transition is indicated by a drop in resistance. We confirmed this by observing the magnetic field dependence of the drop and by detecting the Meissner demagnetization signal.

著者

加藤 倫子 林 力丸

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.183-190, 1999-08-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 1

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High pressure treatment of microbial cells and plant and animal tissues at 100-400 MPa solubilizes cellular compounds such as metals, amino acids, and proteins, permeates extra-cellular compounds such as salts into cells and tissues, and causes hemolysis. After the pressure treatment, electron microscopic observation of yeast cells and biochemical analysis of animal tissues reveal a significant membrane breakage of nuclei, lysosomes, and vacuoles in addition to light cell membrane and cell wall damage. To understand these observed phenomena at the molecular level, we studied functional and structural changes of the membrane-bound Na+, K+-ATPase under increasing high pressure (in situ observation), and reached an interesting conclusion that contact faces of lipid and membrane-penetrating protein surfaces are reversibly separated to produce tunnels or holes at 100-250 MPa, followed by disordered breakdown of the membrane system including protein denaturation at 300 MPa or higher. This conclusion is well supported by the phase transition of the lipid bilayer membrane.

著者

井上 徹

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.124-133, 2000-05-20 (Released:2010-02-05)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

4 6

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H2O is an important volatile material in the Earth, and it affects the physical properties (e. g. density, elastic velocity, viscosity, rheobgical property, diffusion, electrical conductivity and melting temperature) of the Earth's materials. Recently, it has been darified that significant amounts of H2O can be accommodated in β and γ phases of olivine, which means that the mantle transition zone has the potential of being a water reservoir in the Earth. In this paper, I review the H2O contents, lattice parameters and elastic properties of hydrous β and γ phases, the effect of H2O on the phase transformation of olivine, and the possibilities of water transportation into the mantle transition zone are discussed on the basis of these experimental data.

著者

松本 充弘

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.58-65, 1997-02-20 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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Molecular dynamics computer simulation technique has been applied to investigate fluid phase change mechanisms near vapor-liquid interfaces. The simulation enables us to estimate the most relevant parameter, condensation coefficient αc, which is the ratio of condensation flux to vapor collision flux. We found: (i) αc is less than unity even for simple fluids, and αc of associating fluids is much less than that. (ii) There is a strong temperature dependence of αc. (iii) Under the nonequilibrium condition, αc depends also on the density (or pressure) and the temperature of the vapor. A simple evaporation model based on a transition state theory can explain this behavior to some extent. As related topics, molecular dynamics of nucleation processes is also described.

著者

八木 健彦

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.106-114, 1992

被引用文献数

2 2

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X-ray diffraction studies under high pressure using synchrotron radiation at the Photon Factory are reviewed. In 1983, a system named "MAX80" was constructed, which consists of a cubic anvil type high pressure vessel combined with a 500-ton hydraulic ram and a posi-tioning stage. High quality powder X-ray diffraction studies can be performed using this system in the pressure range up to 12 GPa and in the temperature range from 300 K to 1700 K. Various studies such as precise measurement of the equations of state, phase diagram, and the kinetics of the phase transformations have been carried out using this system.

著者

小西 正朗

出版者

The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 = The Review of high pressure science and technology (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.347-353, 2010-11-20

被引用文献数

1

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Yeast is promising microbe to applying for brewing, bread-making, and some fermented foods, and to development recently for producing bio-ethanol. Yeast exists also in the deep-sea and the many species have been described from the deep-sea in previous reports. Most of the deep-sea yeasts are "non-conventional yeasts" including approximately 1000 species excepting well-known <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>, in the best of our knowledge. Yeast isolated from the deep-sea often possesses unique metabolic properties. We recently focused on a biosurfactant producing yeast, strain SY62, which was isolated from at a depth of 1,156 m in Sagami Bay in Japan. Although the yeast indicated little difference from conventional Pseudozyma hubeiensis on taxonomy, the secreted glycolipid-type biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL), indicated structurally differences from those of conventional strains. The structural differences on MEL produced by SY62 resulted in the good hydrophilicity compared to those produced by conventional strains. The results indicated that the deep-sea bio-resources have great potential for exploring novel useful microorganisms and metabolites. The difference of metabolites seemed to be caused by evolution under high-pressure stress in the deep-sea.<br>