著者

石田 優 小山 明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.724, pp.1393-1401, 2016 (Released:2016-06-30)

---

The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein designed Stonborough Villa with the collaboration of Paul Engelmann. Stonborough Villa is a “Mathematically configured” building very rare in modern architecture. The aspects that distinguish the Villa can be observed in many calculated details such as the boundaries of the walls, which vary in thickness from room to room creating a wall projection, the height of the ceiling and the Double Doors. This research is focused on the doors on the main floor. The placement and the role the doors play in connecting the rooms is an important factor in this particular architecture. The dimensions and positions of the doors are determined by the internal logic of the Hall with strict precision. The main floor is centered around the Hall where the doors connect to every room in the house in a counterclockwise arrangement: The Breakfast room (Frühstückszimmer), Living room (Wohnzimmer), Salon (Saal) and Dining room (Speisezimmer), each having a maximum amount of openings with a respective sequence of 1-2-3-4. The spacing and symmetry when viewed from the room as a whole or as the wall surface the location of the doors in each room and the arrangement, they have their own independent logic. The doors on all five rooms, including the Hall, are Double Doors; some consist of Single Double Doors and Pairs of Double Doors. This paper looks to classify the types of door arrangements in the five rooms of the Stonborough Villa's main floor. Based on the patterns that emerged a Door Schedule was produced. In order to produce the Door Schedule for this research it was necessary to make a comparative study because of the lack of information regarding the subject. This also included and on-field investigation in October of 2013 using a laser distance measuring instrument with which new data was compilated. Through the comparison of the doors that at first sight look as if they had the same shape and dimensions, it was found that there are minute differences in the dimensions. This is most notable in the room connections where there are Pairs of Double Doors, in which, the front door and rear door have different sizes. The arrangement and logical systems mentioned previously can be applied in the Dining room as follows: The four doors are arranged symmetrically while at the same time consist of two types of opening and closing mechanisms. From the Dining room on the far left the Pair of Double Doors lead to the Hall, one opening into the Dining room while the other into the Hall. The remaining three doors open into the Dining room. After surveying the current dimensions of the doors, the Pair of Double Doors which lies between the Hall and the Dining room we can establish that the Double Door which opens into the Hall and the Double Door opening into the Dining room in spite of having the same shape the size is in fact different. These differences also exist in the Pair of Double Doors connecting the Living room and the Salon. For these reasons, we can say that in Stonborough Villa the proportions of the Pairs of Double Doors are adjusted to suit the internal dimensions of the rooms into which they open. The Pairs of Double Doors in Stonborough Villa have a relatively wide spacing in between, this generates a different dynamic whether the doors are opened or closed. With the completed analysis of Stonborough Villa's doors it is clear to see the crucial purpose they possess in the spatial configuration of the House.