著者

川本 崇雄

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

民族學研究 (ISSN:24240508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.113-129, 1974-09-30 (Released:2018-03-27)

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We find between Japanese and Austronesian languages the following agreements in morphology: 1. The basic forms of Japanese verbs are the mizenkei (the imperfect form) which ends in -a and the renyokei (the conjunctive form) which ends in -i, and from these forms all the other conjugated forms are supposed to have developed. Many languages in Melanesia and Polynesia have the suffixes -(i)a and -i, the former making intransitive verbs and the latter transitive verbs. Both languages have thus the complementary pair of verbal endings - (i)a and -i. 2. In the Banks' Islands and the New Hebrides as well as in Japan, some nouns have independent and dependent forms, the former being derived from the latter by adding the termination -i. Examples : Japanese te 'hand' <ta-i, fi 'fire' <fo-i ; Mota matai 'eye' <mata-i, ului 'hair' <ulu-i. 3. Adjectival terminations : Japanese -ka, -ki, -ra, -ri, -sa, and -ta ; Melanesian -ga, -gi, -ra, -li, -sa. and -ta ; and verbal terminations : Japanese -si ; -k, -g, -;e, -r, -s, -t ; -f ; -rag, -yag, ; Melanesian -si ; -g, -η, -n, -r, -s, -t ; -v ; -lag, -rag, and -yag. 4. The verbal and adjectival prefixes ma-, ta-, and ka- : Japanese wosa 'interpreter' 〜ma-wos- 'to tell' tur- 'to be followed' 〜ma-tur-(of-) 'to follow saki〜masaki 'happiness' futo 'thick' 〜tafuto 'respectable', awo〜ka-awo 'blue' ; Malay deras 'fast' 〜meuderas 'to hurry', Mota sare 'to tear' 〜masare 'torn', Fiji dola 'to open'〜tadola 'open', voro 'to break'. 〜kavoro 'broken'.