著者

川本 崇雄

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

民族學研究 (ISSN:24240508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.57-74, 1976-06-30 (Released:2018-03-27)

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This is one of the attempts to present lexical evidence relating Japanese to the Austronesian languages. Most of the Old Japanese (OJp.) kinship terms are, according to the author, derivative from or cognate with Proto-Austronesian (PAN) or its branches Proto-Indonesian (PIN), Proto-Eastern-Oceanic (PEO), and Proto-Polynesian (PPN), as follows : 1.1. OJp. titi, ti 'father, forefather' <*tu-i (*i=suffix forming the independent form of a noun) : PAN tuqa 'old ; father, forefather.' 1.2. OJp. fafa, fa 'mother' ; cf. ModJp. paipai 'mother's breast' : PAN bayi 'mother ; motherly. ' 2.1. OJp. omo 'mother,' the nasal form (n. f.) of OJp. ofo- 'grand-' : Malay (Ml.) empuan 'woman', probably : PAN e(m)pu 'grandmother, grandfather.' 2.2. OJp. ofodi 'grandfather' <*ofo-ti, ofoba 'grandmother' <dfolfa : PAN e (m)pu 'grandmother, grandfather.' 3.1. OJp. kaso 'father': Ml. ketua 'elder,' Maori katua 'full-grown, adult, of animals' : PAN ka- prefix, PAN tuqa 'old ; father.' 3.2. OJp. iro- 'maternal' ; cf. OJp. ira 'descent from a royal family' : the Banks Island languages iro 'personal article feminine,' ira 'personal article plural.' 4.1. ModJp, toto 'father' <*tu (reduplicated) : PAN tuqa 'father.' 4.2. ModJp. kaka 'mother': PAN kaka 'elder sister.' Cf. Fiji (Fi.) tua-ha 'elder brother, elder sister': PAN tuqa-kaka. 5.1. OJp. oya 'parent' <*oyo-a (-a=noun-forming suf.) <*moηtua : Ml. me-nua-kan 'let s. t. grow older, riper' <*meη-tua-han (*meη-=verbalizing pref., *.-kan transitive suf.) 5.2. OJp. ko 'child, son, ago 'dear child, dearest,': PAN a (η)ken 'mine' ; cf. Dayak aken 'nephew, niece.' 5.3. OJp. mago 'grandchild' : PAN makempu 'grandchild.' 6.1' OJp. mama 'step-', n. f. of *fafaru : PIN balu 'step-.' 6.2. OJp. mama 'foster mother', ModJp. child 1. mama 'food' : PAN mamaq: PPN mama 'food which, after being chewed, is to be fed to a baby.' 7.1. OJp. ani 'elder brother' : PAN Rani 'manly.' 7.2. OJp. ane 'elder sister' <*anne <*manne <*mamine, n. f. of *fafi,ee : PlN babi 'womanly,' PAN binay 'woman' : PPN fafine 'woman.' 8.1. OJp. ye 'elder brother of a man, elder sister of a woman' <*yd <*ntua : Ml. tua 'elder of the two' : PEO tuaka 'elder brother of a man, elder sister of a woman.' 8.2. OJp. oto 'younger brother of a man, younger sister of a woman' <*uto by vowel alternation (v. a.) <*uta : PAN uda 'young' ; Ml. muda 'younger of the two' <m-uda. 9. 1. OJp. se 'brother of a woman, husband' <*so : PAN tuqa : PEO tua 'father, man.' Cf. OJp. se, so 'the back ; remoter side' : PEO tua 'the back ; remoter side.' 9.2. OJp. imo 'sister of a man ; wife,' n. f. of *ifo : PAN ibu 'mother.' 10. OJp. tuma 'spouse' : PAN teman 'companion' 11.1. OJp. wo 'man, husband' <*mpu : PAN pu 'gentleman' 11.2. OJp. me 'woman, wife' <?*mi, n. f. *fi : PAN binay 'woman' 12.1. OJp. wotoko 'man, husband,' woto <*mputo 'young, marriageable,' v. a. of *mputa ; -ko 'man' : PAN buza 'young, marriageable, 12.2. OJp. wonna, womina 'girl' <mpomina : PPN fafine 'woman' 13.1. OJp. tozi 'mistress' <*tunsi: PAN tu(n) zuk : PPN tusi 'to bewitch s. o. by pointing at him ; sorcery, priest' 13.2. OJp. nusi 'master, minister,' n. f. of *tusi : PAN tu (n)zuk : PPN(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

川本 崇雄

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

民族學研究 (ISSN:24240508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.113-129, 1974-09-30 (Released:2018-03-27)

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We find between Japanese and Austronesian languages the following agreements in morphology: 1. The basic forms of Japanese verbs are the mizenkei (the imperfect form) which ends in -a and the renyokei (the conjunctive form) which ends in -i, and from these forms all the other conjugated forms are supposed to have developed. Many languages in Melanesia and Polynesia have the suffixes -(i)a and -i, the former making intransitive verbs and the latter transitive verbs. Both languages have thus the complementary pair of verbal endings - (i)a and -i. 2. In the Banks' Islands and the New Hebrides as well as in Japan, some nouns have independent and dependent forms, the former being derived from the latter by adding the termination -i. Examples : Japanese te 'hand' <ta-i, fi 'fire' <fo-i ; Mota matai 'eye' <mata-i, ului 'hair' <ulu-i. 3. Adjectival terminations : Japanese -ka, -ki, -ra, -ri, -sa, and -ta ; Melanesian -ga, -gi, -ra, -li, -sa. and -ta ; and verbal terminations : Japanese -si ; -k, -g, -;e, -r, -s, -t ; -f ; -rag, -yag, ; Melanesian -si ; -g, -η, -n, -r, -s, -t ; -v ; -lag, -rag, and -yag. 4. The verbal and adjectival prefixes ma-, ta-, and ka- : Japanese wosa 'interpreter' 〜ma-wos- 'to tell' tur- 'to be followed' 〜ma-tur-(of-) 'to follow saki〜masaki 'happiness' futo 'thick' 〜tafuto 'respectable', awo〜ka-awo 'blue' ; Malay deras 'fast' 〜meuderas 'to hurry', Mota sare 'to tear' 〜masare 'torn', Fiji dola 'to open'〜tadola 'open', voro 'to break'. 〜kavoro 'broken'.

著者

川本 崇雄

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.p1-16, 1975-11

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Some of the most interesting etymologies in this part may be the following: kaka IV kaQ '(fly) into a rage', kaQkaQ, kaNkaN'(of the sun) exceedingly bright, (of a person) in a rage, (of charcoal) red-hot', hoka-hoka, poka-poka 'pleasantly warm', maQka, maQkaQka 'bright red', aka 'red' ; OJp. kaka-yaku 'to shine brightly' : -PJp. (k)AKA 'red-hot' PEOka, kaka, pukaka'red-not' : Ma. ka 'to burn, to take fire', kaka 'red-hot', Fu. kaka 'to shine', Mar.kaka 'yellow, red', To. kakaha 'to glow with heat,to be red-hot, (of anger) to flare up', Sa., Ma. pukaka, pokaka 'hot' pai pai-pai, oQpai 'the breast', OJp. FaFa 'mother' < *papai : PJp. PAYL 'motherhood' PAN bayi 'Mutter' : Tg. babayi 'Frau, Weiblichsein' ; Ja. bayi 'Saugling' sio sio-sio (OJp. siFo-siFo) 'in low spirits, sadly', siQpori 'pleasantly wet', siwo-reru, sibo-mu 'to wither', OJp. niFo-dori'grebe (=a diving bird)', simo 'lower part ', nisi 'west'(prena salized) *sisi(po) : -PJp. SI(M)PO, SIMO, NIPO, NISI 'down into water' PEO (n)sipo, sisipo 'down, to bow down, (of the sun) to set,to go into the water, west, unfortunate'. [N.B. PJp. saku 'to bloom', sakayu 'to prosper', sakari 'the prime' , saki 'happiness' and PJp. agu 'to lift, to get out of water', Okinawa agari 'east' correspond to PEO (n)sake 'up, to lift, to go up from the sea, (of the sun) to rise, to elevate in rank of power or dignity, east'. ]