著者

山田 朋子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

奈良女子大学教育学科年報 (ISSN:09183604)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.157-172, 1994-01

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This paper aims to clarify the reason why a selective examination in the high school sustem has been established in Japan, which is a part of a study on the development of upper secondary education in post - war Japan. The upper secondary school system was opened on April 1,1948 and was called "Shinsei Kotogakko". From the beginning, the number of applicants was higher than the capacity of high schools', therefor the system of entrance examination seemed to be inevitable. On the one hand, this gave the negative trends of establishing the examination system into the high schools and re -served the possibility that all applicants should enter into the high schools. On the other hand, the positive reason of establishing the entrance examination was a lack of the people, material, and financial conditions. While, the number of applicants for admission to upper secondary school was increased, the entrance examination system was changed in styles and contents. The standard of academic achievements was used more and more to select applicants. As to the system of entrance examination, the system of Osaka prefecture was the typical one, because of high percentage of students who go on a higher stage of education in comparison with other prefectures. Besides, in Osaka prefecture, the number of upper secondary schools was not decreased at that time. In other prefectures, the number of those was decreased. Because of this reason, the focus of this paper is centralized into the situation of Osaka prefecture. The author examined the transition of the numbers of new students and the points of evalution in the examinations in Osaka prefecture. The conclusions of this analysis are the following : 1. The lack of accommodation and the huge number of applicants caused to establish the en-trance examination system. 2. It shows the inclination of evaluating the academic performance during the process of establishment. 3. These conclusions suggest that the existing statuses and differences of high schools will accelerate the academic aspect of entrance examination.