著者

中里 理子

出版者

上越教育大学

雑誌

上越教育大学研究紀要 (ISSN:09158162)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.316-303, 2004

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中古から近代まで「泣く」「涙」を描写するオノマトペを見てみると、擬音語・擬態語ともに基本形はすでに古くから存在しており、時代によって多く使われるオノマトペが多少変化してはいるが、中古に見られたオノマトペのほとんどが近代まで使われ続けている。中世には「さめざめ」「はらはら」「ほろほろ」が定型的表現となり、近世から近代にかけては「しくしく」「めそめそ」が弱く泣くときの表現として定着した。一方、時代が下るにつれて擬音語は泣き声の面で、擬態語は涙の流し方の面で、基本形を変化させた変形が工夫されることで表現に新しさを出していく。擬音語は声の大きさや泣き方の違いを表すオノマトペが工夫され、擬態語は泣く姿全体や泣くときの動作から涙を流して悲しむ姿を表す方向へ、さらに涙がこぼれる様子から涙が目の中に浮かぶ様子を表す方向へと、徐々に描写対象のとらえ方が細かで細密な描写という流れに添って発達した様相が見て取れた。I examined changes of onomatopoeia associated with "crying" and "tears" from the Heian period to modern times. Both of the basic formes of imitative and mimetic words were already used in the Heian period, and most of them were still used in modern times in spite of some changes. Samezame, Harahara and Horohoro became standard onomatopoeias of "crying" in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, and Shikushiku and Mesomeso became those of "sobbing" from the Edo period to modern times. Many imitative words of "crying" were created to give more vivid expressions to a variety of sounds and ways of "crying". As to mimetic words, objects of description became more detailed like "tears trickling down" and finally focused on "tears" in one's eyes. Both the imitative and mimetic words were made by transforming. As the time went by, close observation made descriptive expressions more detailed. This trend is true of other expressions except onomatopoeias.