著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.110-122, 2006

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During the prewar era, many Japanese shrines were built in Japan's colonies, such as Korea and Taiwan. This paper examines the problem of forcing the local residents to go and pay homage to the shrines and to worship the Japanese imperial deities that were supposedly housed therein. The focus of this paper is how Chosen Jingu, built in 1925 and established as a highly-ranked shrine in the Japanese shrines hierarchy, and schools collaborated together to compel elementary school students to visit the shrine. In order to analyze this issue, this paper will examine the case of Kangakusai, one of Chosen Jingu's rituals. In Kangakusai, Chosen Jingu distributed moral training textbooks (Shushin) for first graders in almost all elementary schools in Keijo district, where Chosen Jingu was located. All of the students who received a textbook from the shrine had to go there in order to thank the imperial deities. This shows how shrine rituals like Kangakusai played an important role in the compulsion of students' worship at Chosen Jingu. Behind the enforcement of Kangakusai, one finds the leadership of the chief priests of Chosen Jingu, such as Takamatsu Shiro. In explaining what Takamatsu and other priests did, this paper demonstrates the active role played by shrine priests. They did not merely follow Japanese Government General directives but took a leading role at times in the enforcing the "Japanization" of Koreans. In addition, the mutual reinforcing relationship between shrines and schools enabled primary school students to be the most influenced sector of Korean society. In Japan, much research on colonial shrines focus on the compulsion of shrine worship from the late 1930s to 1945. However, this issue did not begin in the 1930s. This paper seeks to shed additional light on colonial shrine worship prior to the 1930s through an analysis of Kangakusai.