著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.110-122, 2006-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

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During the prewar era, many Japanese shrines were built in Japan's colonies, such as Korea and Taiwan. This paper examines the problem of forcing the local residents to go and pay homage to the shrines and to worship the Japanese imperial deities that were supposedly housed therein. The focus of this paper is how Chosen Jingu, built in 1925 and established as a highly-ranked shrine in the Japanese shrines hierarchy, and schools collaborated together to compel elementary school students to visit the shrine. In order to analyze this issue, this paper will examine the case of Kangakusai, one of Chosen Jingu's rituals. In Kangakusai, Chosen Jingu distributed moral training textbooks (Shushin) for first graders in almost all elementary schools in Keijo district, where Chosen Jingu was located. All of the students who received a textbook from the shrine had to go there in order to thank the imperial deities. This shows how shrine rituals like Kangakusai played an important role in the compulsion of students' worship at Chosen Jingu. Behind the enforcement of Kangakusai, one finds the leadership of the chief priests of Chosen Jingu, such as Takamatsu Shiro. In explaining what Takamatsu and other priests did, this paper demonstrates the active role played by shrine priests. They did not merely follow Japanese Government General directives but took a leading role at times in the enforcing the "Japanization" of Koreans. In addition, the mutual reinforcing relationship between shrines and schools enabled primary school students to be the most influenced sector of Korean society. In Japan, much research on colonial shrines focus on the compulsion of shrine worship from the late 1930s to 1945. However, this issue did not begin in the 1930s. This paper seeks to shed additional light on colonial shrine worship prior to the 1930s through an analysis of Kangakusai.

著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.84-96, 2014

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To date, there is only a limited amount of scholarship on the study of Imperial Portraits in Imperial Japan's colonies. In addition, extant research on the subject is predominantly based on the assumption that Imperial Portraits were distributed throughout colonial schools as they were in Japan proper due to 'assimilation' policy. As a result, their conclusions at times fall short of the realities of colonial school life. In other words, it is important to abstain from such an assumption when considering the realities of colonial school life. First, this paper reveals that the distribution of Imperial Portraits to Korean schools was first planned by Governor General Minami Jiro. This project was actually related more to the introduction of the 1938 Korean Voluntary Military Service Law than the third revision of the Korean Education Law of the same year. Second, this paper carefully examines how Imperial Portraits were actually distributed as well as how principals, teachers' associations and schools responded to them. Third, this paper shows that it was almost impossible for Chosun Government General to distribute the portraits to elementary schools for Japanese residents in Korea, let alone to all Korean elementary schools because of the distrust of Korean-Japanese mutual antagonism, and the excessive anxiety held by the Japanese residing in Korean local communities. In conclusion, this paper hypothesizes why Governor General Minami persisted in the unprecedented distribution of Imperial Portraits to Korean schools.

著者

樋浦 郷子 ヒウラ サトコ Satoko Hiura

雑誌

史苑

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.59-64, 2021-03

著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

京都大学

巻号頁・発行日

2011-11-24

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新制・課程博士

著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.84-96, 2014-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

---

To date, there is only a limited amount of scholarship on the study of Imperial Portraits in Imperial Japan's colonies. In addition, extant research on the subject is predominantly based on the assumption that Imperial Portraits were distributed throughout colonial schools as they were in Japan proper due to 'assimilation' policy. As a result, their conclusions at times fall short of the realities of colonial school life. In other words, it is important to abstain from such an assumption when considering the realities of colonial school life. First, this paper reveals that the distribution of Imperial Portraits to Korean schools was first planned by Governor General Minami Jiro. This project was actually related more to the introduction of the 1938 Korean Voluntary Military Service Law than the third revision of the Korean Education Law of the same year. Second, this paper carefully examines how Imperial Portraits were actually distributed as well as how principals, teachers' associations and schools responded to them. Third, this paper shows that it was almost impossible for Chosun Government General to distribute the portraits to elementary schools for Japanese residents in Korea, let alone to all Korean elementary schools because of the distrust of Korean-Japanese mutual antagonism, and the excessive anxiety held by the Japanese residing in Korean local communities. In conclusion, this paper hypothesizes why Governor General Minami persisted in the unprecedented distribution of Imperial Portraits to Korean schools.

著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.219, pp.1-20, 2020-03-27

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本稿は植民地期台湾の一地域にとって「御真影」がいかなる役割を担ったのかということを,学校沿革誌,郡誌,当該時期の戸口統計等の資料を手がかりに検討したものである。第一に,台湾における御真影は,朝鮮への下付と異なり,戦闘状況下の日本軍の展開に合わせて開始された。1920年代以降学校への下付は中等教育機関から広まりだしたものの,公学校(台湾人初等教育機関)へはほとんど下付されなかった。第二に,新化尋常小学校は,「御真影奉護」の人員確保を考えれば,教員数の減少は避けねばならかったが,1930年代には新化街の日本人人口が減少していた。学級編成および教員の数を確保できたのは,台湾人児童の尋常小学校在籍数に支えられたことが推定される。第三に,新化尋常小学校への御真影下付が同校だけにとどまらず,新化公学校と農業補習学校児童生徒に対する一定の役割も担った。その人数を見れば天皇・皇后写真による「教育」の対象は台湾人児童が圧倒的多数である。御真影を下付されていない学校の児童生徒に対して,「紀元節」「四方拝」(一月一日)などの学校儀式のあと尋常小学校まで移動して拝礼を実施する,奉護燈設置の寄付金を拠出させるなどの要求がなされた。一方では学校として御真影下付校に選ばれないという構造的な劣位への配置と同時に,他方で天皇崇敬教育のために御真影およびその奉護設備を利用した「教育」には巻き込まれたことを具体的な事象をもって示した。

著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.110-122, 2006

---

During the prewar era, many Japanese shrines were built in Japan's colonies, such as Korea and Taiwan. This paper examines the problem of forcing the local residents to go and pay homage to the shrines and to worship the Japanese imperial deities that were supposedly housed therein. The focus of this paper is how Chosen Jingu, built in 1925 and established as a highly-ranked shrine in the Japanese shrines hierarchy, and schools collaborated together to compel elementary school students to visit the shrine. In order to analyze this issue, this paper will examine the case of Kangakusai, one of Chosen Jingu's rituals. In Kangakusai, Chosen Jingu distributed moral training textbooks (Shushin) for first graders in almost all elementary schools in Keijo district, where Chosen Jingu was located. All of the students who received a textbook from the shrine had to go there in order to thank the imperial deities. This shows how shrine rituals like Kangakusai played an important role in the compulsion of students' worship at Chosen Jingu. Behind the enforcement of Kangakusai, one finds the leadership of the chief priests of Chosen Jingu, such as Takamatsu Shiro. In explaining what Takamatsu and other priests did, this paper demonstrates the active role played by shrine priests. They did not merely follow Japanese Government General directives but took a leading role at times in the enforcing the "Japanization" of Koreans. In addition, the mutual reinforcing relationship between shrines and schools enabled primary school students to be the most influenced sector of Korean society. In Japan, much research on colonial shrines focus on the compulsion of shrine worship from the late 1930s to 1945. However, this issue did not begin in the 1930s. This paper seeks to shed additional light on colonial shrine worship prior to the 1930s through an analysis of Kangakusai.

著者

北村 嘉恵 樋浦 郷子 山本 和行

出版者

北海道大学大学院教育学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学大学院教育学研究院紀要 (ISSN:18821669)

巻号頁・発行日

no.126, pp.298-190, 2016

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本稿は、中華民国台南県の市立新化国民小学および国立新化高級工業職業学校が所蔵する植民地関係史料の中から学校沿革誌を翻刻し、台湾地域史および帝国日本教育史の基礎史料として集積と共有化をはかるものである。近年台湾では学校史料への関心が高まりを見せ、学校所蔵史料の調査・整理とともに、これらを利用した学校史研究が一定の蓄積をみつつある。日本でも、アーカイブズ学的な関心から、各都道府県に現存する史料の俯瞰的な調査が進みつつある。ただし、悉皆的な調査や比較検討の重要性が指摘されながらも、個別の学校や自治体に視野が限定されがちな傾向は否みがたい。こうした状況をふまえ筆者らは、帝国日本の全域に視野を開きつつ教育史資料の所在調査・整理を段階的・体系的に進めるとともに、地域社会に視点を据えて東アジアの植民地化・脱植民地化の道筋を解明していくことをめざしている。本稿は、その初段階における報告である。This volume is reprinting of historical school documents selected from historical archives of two schools, Municipal Hsinhua elementary school and National Hsinhua industrial vocational school,both located in the present-day in Hsinhua district, Tainan city, Taiwan. In Taiwan, interests in school official documents are rising in recent years. With investigation and arrangement of these documents, studies are being deepened to some extent. In Japan, too, comprehensive investigation on historical documents in each prefecture is being developed fromarchivist standpoints. We hope that publishing these documents will contribute to allowing the histories of Taiwan and the Japanese Empire to be studied in conjunction with the historic and bird-eye view of oneanother. We are currently surveying documents from throughout the Japanese Empire related to the educational history, with the goal of elucidating the processes of colonization and decolonization in East Asia in ways that are rooted in local communities. This volume is the preliminary publication of our larger project. As said above, both schools in this volume were now located in Hsinhua district, Tainan. Hsinhua is in about fifteen kilometers to the northeast from Tainan city area. By seventeenth century, there was a village of indigenous Siraya people, and Tavokan-sha (the community of Siraya people) had also been formed in the present-day Hsinhua district. With increase of Han Chinese immigrants later on, Siraya people was obliged to leave there and emigrate to the foot of mountains. These school archives enable us to understand the multilateral meanings of the elementary and post-elementary education for Hsinhua area.

著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.219, pp.1-20, 2020-03

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本稿は植民地期台湾の一地域にとって「御真影」がいかなる役割を担ったのかということを,学校沿革誌,郡誌,当該時期の戸口統計等の資料を手がかりに検討したものである。第一に,台湾における御真影は,朝鮮への下付と異なり,戦闘状況下の日本軍の展開に合わせて開始された。1920年代以降学校への下付は中等教育機関から広まりだしたものの,公学校(台湾人初等教育機関)へはほとんど下付されなかった。第二に,新化尋常小学校は,「御真影奉護」の人員確保を考えれば,教員数の減少は避けねばならかったが,1930年代には新化街の日本人人口が減少していた。学級編成および教員の数を確保できたのは,台湾人児童の尋常小学校在籍数に支えられたことが推定される。第三に,新化尋常小学校への御真影下付が同校だけにとどまらず,新化公学校と農業補習学校児童生徒に対する一定の役割も担った。その人数を見れば天皇・皇后写真による「教育」の対象は台湾人児童が圧倒的多数である。御真影を下付されていない学校の児童生徒に対して,「紀元節」「四方拝」(一月一日)などの学校儀式のあと尋常小学校まで移動して拝礼を実施する,奉護燈設置の寄付金を拠出させるなどの要求がなされた。一方では学校として御真影下付校に選ばれないという構造的な劣位への配置と同時に,他方で天皇崇敬教育のために御真影およびその奉護設備を利用した「教育」には巻き込まれたことを具体的な事象をもって示した。From the late 19th century to the almost first half of 20th century, Japan's schools are known that they received Emperor and Empress's official photos from the Ministry of Imperial House. The photos that called Goshin'ei were very strictly and carefully reserved, supervised by school staffs and made full use of for the school rituals. But recent research is making it clear that prudent and deliberate observation in accordance with the actual situation in those days are needed before settling into short paradigm like "Tennōsei [Emperor System] Ideology".Based on understanding described above, this paper examined the social and educational role of the Japanese Emperor's photos in colonized Taiwan through making use of school official documents, the materials in local office and population statistics in those days.Taiwanese schools in Xinhua haven't been selected as the school that could receive the Emperor's photo, on the one hand. Taiwanese children were, however, involved in "education" by Goshin'ei , on the other. The reason for this is firstly because Taiwanese common school are placed next to the Japanese school and secondly because Xinhua normal elementary school, which had been established for children of Japanese residents in Xinhua area, received the photos.This kind of intricate social structure cannot always be applied for all Taiwanese schools. However, the case in Xinhua shows one characteristic conformation in colonial education.

著者

北村 嘉恵 山本 和行 樋浦 郷子

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

挑戦的萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2016-04-01

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本年度は、「研究実施計画」に即して、以下のとおり進めた。1.台湾南部(台南、嘉義)において、国民小学や個人・団体の所蔵する文書・写真・奉安庫等の調査を進めるとともに、関係者に聞き取り調査を行った(8月、3月)。所蔵者の逝去により一時中断していた元教員旧蔵資料群については、遺族の了解を得て作業を再開することができ、出版物(書籍)を除く全資料のデジタル撮影を終えることができた。現在その悉皆的な目録の作成を進行中である。これまでの調査の成果と課題を共有するため、国立台湾歴史博物館研究組組長と協議を行い、同館における調査・整理の方針について情報を得るとともに、今後の協力方法についても検討した。2.韓国・国家記録院のデータベース等により学校資料の残存状況および内容を把握したうえで、韓国南部の数カ所(昌原、釜山)に調査地を絞りこみ、初等学校や韓国長老教会の所蔵する文書・写真等の閲覧および関係者への聞き取り調査を行った(8月)。実地調査において学校沿革誌の原本を確認することはできなかったが、とくに、学校創立以来の通時的な集合写真や学籍簿、普通学校生徒の帳面のほか、教会の牧師・長老会議の記録である「堂会録」(1900年代初頭~1960年代末)などの所蔵を確認し閲覧できた点で大きな進展が見られた。このうち許可の得られた資料についてはデジタルカメラにて撮影を行うとともに、仮目録を作成した。3.主要資料のうち公刊許可の得られた学校沿革誌については、全文の翻刻を行い、解題を付して紙媒体および電子媒体で順次公刊し、幅広い共有化をはかるとともに調査地への成果還元につとめている。また、調査・分析より得られた知見は教育史学会等にて個別研究として発表し、論文として公刊を進めている。

著者

樋浦 郷子

出版者

教育史フォーラム・京都

雑誌

教育史フォーラム (ISSN:18810233)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.21-41, 2015-05