The purpose of this paper is to clarify what kind of person that the "biography" took up in Japanese Textbooks used at elementary school in Postwar Days, and to consider change of the feature. The tendency of the "biography" in textbooks before the Showa 40s is : 1. Many scholars and artists have been selected, but neither the politician nor the military man have been selected. 2. Civilization and modernization have been affirmed, and many persons who contributed to them, such as inventors and thinkers, have been selected. 3. Study, efforts, and altruistic soul have been emphasized, and the persons who were successful through such a way of life have been selected. 4. The Japanese who have played an active part in the world is selected positively. The tendency of the "biography" in textbooks after the Showa 50s is : 1. The "biography" in textbooks have decreased, and a specific way of life has not been shown. 2. The criticism to civilization or modernization have been emphasized, and the person who fought against inconsistency of modern society, such as pollution and the environmental problem, is selected. 3. The "biography" of Present−day persons have increased, and persons whom children felt familiar have been selected.