著者

上野 善子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

奈良女子大学社会学論集 (ISSN:13404032)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.55-72, 2012

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In this paper, described in a historical perspective about the medicalization andcriminalization of public awareness of child abuse before medicalization in the U.S.In the early 1960s, pediatrician named H. Kenpe discovered " child abuse " and defined"disease". Then, Child Abuse is increasing concern as a social problem, and it legislation to preventchild abuse proceeds rapidly, the enacted of the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Actin 1974. However, before medicalization for the American society, child abuse had been identifiedas delinquent behavior, were subject to corrected.It is usually considered that the child is a menaceof a community, and recognized that a community - juvenile justice system or court of law - has thechildren's rights in this area. The reason in which Mary Ellen's rescue operation succeeded is notthat the public system of right protection of a child was ready. It comes out that this incidentattracts attention in the meaning that it was the transition stage of child protective when privaterescue attempt was performed.This paper describes the historical outline about puritanical United States society(including parents and community) of those days having recognized how about the right of a childand the child itself from ancient times to the 19th century and clarifies the violence probleminvolving the people and the family who were concerned with protection of a child from thehistorical background. A view to the child of those days becomes clear in particular fromconsideration of the Mary Ann Cruise's Judgment and PARENS PATRIAE.This historical analysis is aimed at clarifying the foundation for the newest methodologycoping with a social problem by clarifying the measure and background of the child protection inthe 19th century America which had big influence on child protection activities towards discoveryand prevention of child abuse in the United States of America.