著者

上野 善子

出版者

鶴見大学

雑誌

鶴見大学紀要. 第3部, 保育・歯科衛生編 = The bulletin of Tsurumi University (ISSN:03898024)

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.11-16, 2018-02

著者

上野 善子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

人間文化研究科年報 (ISSN:09132201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.89-106, 2013-03-31

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Since the child abuse and neglect case judgment in late 1880s, in the United States hasrapidly promoted child protection activity mainly in an urban area. Initially, social recognitionof child abuse and neglect was seen as an often-unwarranted behavior on the intimate sphereof the family. However, after the 1990s, child welfare became the target of social security. In the mid 1990s, visualization technology of the physical abuse became possible dueto the progress of medical science and skills, thus accelerating the movement to prevent childabuse and neglect, which by then had been carefully defined abuse. The issue of child abuseand neglect, in which children are targeted for protection, had been recognized as requiringsimultaneous support for parents and as a family problem.Although the recognition of abuse had been inconsistent among the states, it wasgiven a consistent federal definition by CAPTA in 1974. Along with the federal definition ofabuse, came the improved ability of child protective services to intervene in dysfunctionalfamily as specialists in social welfare with an official position and procedure in the matter.Nevertheless, since the 1990s, when the United States had to deal with financialproblems and the deterioration of security caused by domestic and global poverty following theeconomic crisis, CAPTA was also repeatedly adjusted and modified against the changing social background.

著者

上野 善子

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

奈良女子大学社会学論集 (ISSN:13404032)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.55-72, 2012

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In this paper, described in a historical perspective about the medicalization andcriminalization of public awareness of child abuse before medicalization in the U.S.In the early 1960s, pediatrician named H. Kenpe discovered " child abuse " and defined"disease". Then, Child Abuse is increasing concern as a social problem, and it legislation to preventchild abuse proceeds rapidly, the enacted of the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Actin 1974. However, before medicalization for the American society, child abuse had been identifiedas delinquent behavior, were subject to corrected.It is usually considered that the child is a menaceof a community, and recognized that a community - juvenile justice system or court of law - has thechildren's rights in this area. The reason in which Mary Ellen's rescue operation succeeded is notthat the public system of right protection of a child was ready. It comes out that this incidentattracts attention in the meaning that it was the transition stage of child protective when privaterescue attempt was performed.This paper describes the historical outline about puritanical United States society(including parents and community) of those days having recognized how about the right of a childand the child itself from ancient times to the 19th century and clarifies the violence probleminvolving the people and the family who were concerned with protection of a child from thehistorical background. A view to the child of those days becomes clear in particular fromconsideration of the Mary Ann Cruise's Judgment and PARENS PATRIAE.This historical analysis is aimed at clarifying the foundation for the newest methodologycoping with a social problem by clarifying the measure and background of the child protection inthe 19th century America which had big influence on child protection activities towards discoveryand prevention of child abuse in the United States of America.