著者

今野 真二 Shinji KONNO 清泉女子大学 SEISEN UNIVERSITY

雑誌

清泉女子大学人文科学研究所紀要 = BULLETIN OF SEISEN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR CULTURAL SCIENCE (ISSN:09109234)

巻号頁・発行日

2018-03-31

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本稿では十六世紀半ば頃に編纂された「いろは分類」を採る辞書体資料である『運歩色葉集』を採りあげ、「同一と思われる見出しが異なる双つの部に掲げられる」「双掲」という現象に着目した。『運歩色葉集』は「ゐ・え・お」を部としてたてておらず、これらをそれぞれ「い・ゑ・を」部に併せ、全てで四十四部をたてる。したがって、多くの和語は「双掲」されない。「双掲」されている見出しの数は必ずしも多くはないが、拗音、長音が含まれている語がほとんどである。拗音、長音は、室町末期頃までには日本語の音韻として確立していたと考えられており、そうした音韻を含む漢語は、十六世紀半ばにおいても、仮名による「書き方」が揺れていなかった可能性がたかい。漢語は漢字で書くことが標準的であり、漢語の全形を仮名で書くことは必ずしも多くはない。したがって、漢語をどのように仮名で書くかということ自体が、和語と同様に関心事であったとは考えにくい。室町末期頃までに編まれた仮名遣書も、漢語を採りあげることは少ない。そうしたことが、仮名による漢語の書き方が揺れる一因となったことはいえようが、『運歩色葉集』における見出しの「双掲」は「二つの書き方」のどちらからでも求める見出しにたどりつけるための「工夫」といってよい。 In this paper, "Unpoirohashu", title of a dictionary which was edited around 1547, is the focus of analysis. In this dictionary, words that begin with "i" is placed in the "i grouping" just as the entry words are in "iroha" (Japanese alphabetical) order. However, around 1547 the distinction of pronunciation had already disappeared. "I" (い・ゐ) "e" (え・ゑ) "o" (お・を) were grouped in one section, and within that section there were the "i" grouping, "e" grouping, and "o" grouping. In total, there were 44 groupings. Thus, until around 1547 words written with "i" (い~) and (ゐ~) were all in the "i" grouping and those who used the dictionary did not have the problem of finding the words, as one word was not divided into two separate groupings. However, the word "youshou" was found in the "e" (えの部) grouping and "yo" (よの部) grouping. It is assumed that this happened because during those days the same words were written in two different ways "euseu" and "youseu". Such phenomenon is called "soukei". It was pointed out that "soukei" suggests that there were two different ways of writing this word. This writing of one word expressed in two ways can be regarded as "Multi-Expressive Notation System" (Tahyoukisei Hyouki System). Until now the "Multi-Expressive Notation System" was thought to have been administered in the Edo period, but this research highlighted that the previous stage of this system had already been developed before then in the 16th century.