- 著者
-
戸祭 由美夫
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 人文地理学会
- 雑誌
- 人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.24, no.2, pp.129-163, 1972
‘<i>Gôri-Sei</i>(_??__??__??_)’is a system of local administrative division, enforced from 715 to 739-40 in the Nara era, and it consisted of two administrative divisions: ‘<i>Gô</i>(_??_)’and ‘<i>Ri</i>(_??_)’.Up to the present only historians had pursued after this system on their historical methods. So in this paper I tried to scrutinize it on a geographical method in making reference to following primary historical materials: ‘<i>Daizei-Sinkyû-Rekimei-Chô</i> *in <i>Izumo</i> Province(_??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??_)’, ‘<i>Daizei-Oi-Shibônin-Chô</i> **in <i>Bicchû</i> Province(_??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??__??_)’(both in A.D. 739), ‘<i>Izumo-no-Kuni-Fudoki</i> ***(_??__??__??__??__??__??_)’(in A.D. 733), etc.<br>Scrutiny is carried out in the below mentioned process:<br>1. Presumption of the <i>Gô</i>-areas in consulting documents, present names of places, etc.<br>2. Presumption of the unities of <i>Lebensräume</i> at that time in each <i>Gô</i>-areas in availing of materials such as documents, present names of places, topography, river systems, irrigation spheres of each river, remains in the <i>Kofun</i> era, sites of the ‘<i>Shiki-Nai-Sha</i> ****(_??__??__??_)’, etc.<br>3. Comparison between the unities of <i>Lebensräume</i> and <i>Ris</i> in each <i>Gô</i>-areas.<br>Treating more than twenty cases on such method, I can clear up the four points.<br>1. In nearly all <i>Gô</i>-areas, several unities of <i>Lebensräume</i> are classified into two or three grades for their scales.<br>2. Unities of <i>Lebensräume</i> with nearly same scale to <i>Gô</i>-areas are recognized in a certain cases (Type A). On the other hand, there are not a few cases, where each unity of <i>Lebensraum</i> corresponds to the approximately same scale of a <i>Ri</i> (Type B).<br>3. In the case of Type B, especially when the name of place similar to the name of <i>Ri</i> is found in the unity of <i>Lebensraum</i> with approximately same scale to that <i>Ri</i>, (Type B'), there is a fair possibility that the <i>Ri</i> was organized basing on the unity of <i>Lebensraum</i>. Yet even in such cases of Type B and Type B', I can hardly suppose that the <i>Ri</i> was always organized basing on the unity of <i>Lebensraum</i>.<br>4. In such a case as neither in Type B nor Type B', there presents very considerable possibility that the <i>Ri</i> was organized almost indifferently from the unity of <i>Lebensraum</i> in the same <i>Gô</i>-area.<br>If the four above-mentioned points constitute nation-wide characteristic of the <i>Gôri-Sei</i> at its enforcement, it is possible to develop further inference on the basis of the results which had been already achieved by historians. Although the <i>Gôri-Sei</i> came in enforcement so that the government might rule over the ‘<i>Bôko</i>(_??__??_)’, it had been unable to meet with the actual state of affairs at that time any more than the prior system, ‘<i>Ri-Sei</i>(_??__??_)’ did. After a quarter of century, on the advent of new political situation, it was simply laid aside and the <i>Gô-Sei</i>, a not so complicated system of local administrative division as the <i>Gôri-Sei</i>, came close after it and kept on for hundreds of years.<br>* an official document, recorded at each administrative divisions about men, women, and children, who were provided with rice from the provincial government for their old age or some other reasons.<br>** an official document, recorded at each administrative divisions about farmers who borrowed rice from the provincial government and died without repaying.<br>*** ancient topographical document which the Izumo Provincial Government compiled with materials of its own territory after the order of the Central Government.