著者

アニーシャ ニシャート 鈎 治雄 Aneesah NISHAAT Haruo MAGARI

出版者

創価大学教育学部・教職大学院

雑誌

教育学論集 (ISSN:03855031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.72, pp.179-193, 2020-03-31

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Concept of happiness has been pursued since the 4 th- 5 th century BC in Greek philosophyand is still widely discussed to the date. Many studies have shown that there were culturaldifferences in the concept of well-being, and the results of those studies have providedinteresting suggestions. Seligman (1991) argued that the use of the concept of happiness in a monistic way, inpositive psychology is problematic. He suggested that using the term “well-being” is moreappropriate. Diener (1984), on the other hand, conducted research on human well-being usingthe concept of subjective well-being, and considered that subjective well-being is a conceptsynonymous with well-being. So this paper examined happiness using the concept of wellbeing,and discussed future research subjects. This paper explores well-being from the viewpoint that people in any country are the samehuman beings. Certainly, there are differences in this world, such as race, religion, culture,income and living environment, and it cannot be denied that these differences createdifferences in the individualʼs view of happiness. On the other hand, every person sharessomething in common while living such as learning, working, and living in a relationship withfamily, friends and others in this world. They encounter common suffering and difficulties suchas illness, economic problems and relationships at home and in the workplace. At the end oflife, they face the common and more fundamental problems of human beings, such as agingand death. If these events are common and universal in their life, the common and universal goals forhuman beings across the borders can be considered happiness and well-being and the ways toachieve them. Considering these points, this paper will focus on well-being from apsychological perspective.

著者

アニーシャ ニシャート 鈎 治雄 Aneesah HISHAAT Haruo MAGARI

出版者

創価大学教育学部・教職大学院

雑誌

教育学論集 (ISSN:03855031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.70, pp.201-213, 2018-03-31

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The concept of optimism has been researched by various scholars such as Martin Seligman,Shelley E. Taylor, Shepperd et al, and Carver. They have proposed different types of optimism.Though they have shown that optimism confer positive effect on people’s life, they havealso indicated some risk when people utilize it. This research has named these concepts as“conventional optimism”.On the other hand, Magari Haruo has proposed a different concept of optimism in whichhe has included new factors that are 1. Flexibility, 2. Will power and courage, and 3. Futureorientation and hope. This concept has not yet been covered by conventional optimism. Thisresearch has named this concept as “realistic optimism”.This research paper has focused on and made a comparative study between two conceptsthat are conventional optimism and realistic optimism. This paper will focus on the importanceof realistic optimism which will be useful for people’s well-being.