著者

クリース ヨハネス・フォン 山田 吉二郎 江口 豊

出版者

北海道大学大学院メディア・コミュニケーション研究院

雑誌

メディア・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:18825303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, pp.137-189, 2010-11-15

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In 1888 Johannes von Kries (1853-1928), a physiologist and neo-Kantian logician, published the well-known treatise "Über den Begriff der objektiven Möglichkeit und einige Anwendungen desselben" ("On the Concept of Objective Possibility and Some of its Applications"), which caused intense discussions of methodology among young social scientists: M. Weber (1964-1920), an Ukrainian jurist B. Kistiakovsky (1868-1920), a Russian statistician A. Chuprov (1874-1926), a Polish statistician L. Bortkiewicz (1868-1931) and a German jurist G. Radbruch (1878-1949). As M. Weber wrote in his work "Kritische Studien auf dem Gebiet der kulturwissenschaftlichen Logik" ("Critical Studies in the Field of Logics of Cultural Sciences"), specially in its footnotes, he had carefully read the papers of the above-mentioned scholars on von Kries. It seems that Weber, as well as his younger friends, was expecting that von Kries's original concepts ('objective possibility,' 'nomological knowledge,' 'adequate causation,' etc.) could be firm bases they were eagerly searching for new social or cultural sciences. J. von Kries's important and difficult work will provide knowledge of the indispensable context in which M. Weber and his contemporaries had made up their own methodologies.

著者

クリース ヨハネス・フォン 山田 吉二郎 江口 豊

出版者

北海道大学大学院メディア・コミュニケーション研究院

雑誌

メディア・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:18825303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.39-65, 2013-03-27

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The Japanese translation of von Kries' treatise "On the Concept of Objective Possibility and Some of its Applications" (1888) has been completed with this third part,and we are very glad that Japanese scholarly republic can now read this important treatise on their own language. It is almost obvious that von Kries wrote this treatise to commit himself to the famous controversy between the "old" and "new" schools of German jurists in the second half of XIX century, and therefore the field he tried to apply this concept to was the criminal law. Acquiring von Kries' methodology, Max Weber inquires into the possibility to appropriate it to quite another field --- history. Von Kries, characteristic concepts ("Objective possibility," "empirical rules," "adequate causaton," "generalization through abstraction," "quantitative gradation of real phenomena" etc.) were newly adapted and adopted by Weber eagerly and carefully. But it would be too hasty to say that Weber's methodology of "Ideal types" was constructed with these concepts because among Kries' concepts there is not the faintest nuance of "ideal" --- much more still remains to be done before we can shed light on Weber's methodology thoroughly.

著者

クリース ヨハネス・フォン 山田 吉二郎 江口 豊

出版者

北海道大学大学院メディア・コミュニケーション研究院

雑誌

メディア・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:18825303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.95-126, 2011-08-11

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In the part published here of his treatise "On the Concept of Objective Possibility and Some of its Applications" (1888), von Kries discusses the "Concept of Danger (Gefahr)," which was one of the most essential issues of the controversy between the "old" and "new" schools of German legal philosophers in the second half of the 19th century. They argued whether pre-criminal "social dangerousness" is enough to be regarded as the committed crime or not. Von Kries defines "danger" as "objective possibility of a certain harmful result." According to him, judgments of "objective possibility" presuppose "nomological" knowledge, that is, "certain empirical rules widely known to many people" (M. Weber). It is on the basis of them that we can generalize various concrete experiences which must be distinguished from each other. As for "danger," e.g., we can classify them into two groups at first: the "absolutely" dangerous ones and the dangerous ones "in the wider senses." Then we must try to devide the latter cases into "grades," although we can't attain to numerical exactness. Von Kries calls this a "principle of generalization" (Prinzip der Generalisierung) which has methodologically great importance to Weber.