著者

クリース ヨハネス・フォン 山田 吉二郎 江口 豊

出版者

北海道大学大学院メディア・コミュニケーション研究院

雑誌

メディア・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:18825303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, pp.137-189, 2010-11-15

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In 1888 Johannes von Kries (1853-1928), a physiologist and neo-Kantian logician, published the well-known treatise "Über den Begriff der objektiven Möglichkeit und einige Anwendungen desselben" ("On the Concept of Objective Possibility and Some of its Applications"), which caused intense discussions of methodology among young social scientists: M. Weber (1964-1920), an Ukrainian jurist B. Kistiakovsky (1868-1920), a Russian statistician A. Chuprov (1874-1926), a Polish statistician L. Bortkiewicz (1868-1931) and a German jurist G. Radbruch (1878-1949). As M. Weber wrote in his work "Kritische Studien auf dem Gebiet der kulturwissenschaftlichen Logik" ("Critical Studies in the Field of Logics of Cultural Sciences"), specially in its footnotes, he had carefully read the papers of the above-mentioned scholars on von Kries. It seems that Weber, as well as his younger friends, was expecting that von Kries's original concepts ('objective possibility,' 'nomological knowledge,' 'adequate causation,' etc.) could be firm bases they were eagerly searching for new social or cultural sciences. J. von Kries's important and difficult work will provide knowledge of the indispensable context in which M. Weber and his contemporaries had made up their own methodologies.

著者

クリース ヨハネス・フォン 山田 吉二郎 江口 豊

出版者

北海道大学大学院メディア・コミュニケーション研究院

雑誌

メディア・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:18825303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.39-65, 2013-03-27

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The Japanese translation of von Kries' treatise "On the Concept of Objective Possibility and Some of its Applications" (1888) has been completed with this third part,and we are very glad that Japanese scholarly republic can now read this important treatise on their own language. It is almost obvious that von Kries wrote this treatise to commit himself to the famous controversy between the "old" and "new" schools of German jurists in the second half of XIX century, and therefore the field he tried to apply this concept to was the criminal law. Acquiring von Kries' methodology, Max Weber inquires into the possibility to appropriate it to quite another field --- history. Von Kries, characteristic concepts ("Objective possibility," "empirical rules," "adequate causaton," "generalization through abstraction," "quantitative gradation of real phenomena" etc.) were newly adapted and adopted by Weber eagerly and carefully. But it would be too hasty to say that Weber's methodology of "Ideal types" was constructed with these concepts because among Kries' concepts there is not the faintest nuance of "ideal" --- much more still remains to be done before we can shed light on Weber's methodology thoroughly.

著者

クリース ヨハネス・フォン 山田 吉二郎 江口 豊

出版者

北海道大学大学院メディア・コミュニケーション研究院

雑誌

メディア・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:18825303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.95-126, 2011-08-11

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In the part published here of his treatise "On the Concept of Objective Possibility and Some of its Applications" (1888), von Kries discusses the "Concept of Danger (Gefahr)," which was one of the most essential issues of the controversy between the "old" and "new" schools of German legal philosophers in the second half of the 19th century. They argued whether pre-criminal "social dangerousness" is enough to be regarded as the committed crime or not. Von Kries defines "danger" as "objective possibility of a certain harmful result." According to him, judgments of "objective possibility" presuppose "nomological" knowledge, that is, "certain empirical rules widely known to many people" (M. Weber). It is on the basis of them that we can generalize various concrete experiences which must be distinguished from each other. As for "danger," e.g., we can classify them into two groups at first: the "absolutely" dangerous ones and the dangerous ones "in the wider senses." Then we must try to devide the latter cases into "grades," although we can't attain to numerical exactness. Von Kries calls this a "principle of generalization" (Prinzip der Generalisierung) which has methodologically great importance to Weber.

著者

山田 吉二郎

出版者

北海道大学大学院国際広報メディア・観光学院 = Graduate School of International Media, Communication, and Tourism Studies, Hokkaido University

雑誌

国際広報メディア・観光学ジャーナル

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.69-97, 2008

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This paper aims at discussing Max Weber's methodology, specifically based on his essay "Objectivity in Social Science and Social policy". It is well known that Max Weber made continuous efforts to construct modern social science; his Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre are full of highly suggestive ideas and concepts for students who are interested in methodology generally. If media studies is also expected to be one of genuine social and cultural sciences, every piece of Weber's thought will be important. Every social reality is unique, concrete and infinitely rich; we cannot grasp it without constructing "ideal type" which is not real image of reality, but its edited one. It will be shown that Weber's "ideal type" is composed of three ingredients, that is, economy, value and history.

著者

山田 吉二郎

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

大学院国際広報メディア研究科言語文化部紀要 (ISSN:13470280)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.1-23, 2004

著者

山田 吉二郎

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

大学院国際広報メディア研究科言語文化部紀要 (ISSN:13470280)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.1-23, 2004-03-15

著者

山田 吉二郎

出版者

北海道大学大学院国際広報メディア研究科 = Graduate School of International Media and Communication, Hokkaido Universty

雑誌

国際広報メディアジャーナル

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.79-94, 2004

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This study is an attempt to establish the "framework" of media studies which should help them become "a single disciplinary science". Surveying various types of the current media studies, this paper makes propositions to provisionally determine three basic research fields, that is, "Media Effects", "Media and Power", and "Public"; and to study these three research fields respectively, till they are integrated into one.

著者

山田 吉二郎

出版者

北海道大学大学院国際広報メディア・観光学院

雑誌

国際広報メディア・観光学ジャーナル

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.69-97, 2008-11-28

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This paper aims at discussing Max Weber's methodology, specifically based on his essay "Objectivity in Social Science and Social policy". It is well known that Max Weber made continuous efforts to construct modern social science; his Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre are full of highly suggestive ideas and concepts for students who are interested in methodology generally. If media studies is also expected to be one of genuine social and cultural sciences, every piece of Weber's thought will be important. Every social reality is unique, concrete and infinitely rich; we cannot grasp it without constructing "ideal type" which is not real image of reality, but its edited one. It will be shown that Weber's "ideal type" is composed of three ingredients, that is, economy, value and history.

著者

杉浦 秀一 山田 吉二郎 根村 亮 下里 俊行 兎内 勇津流 貝澤 哉 北見 諭 坂庭 淳史 川名 隆史 室井 禎之 渡辺 圭 今仁 直人 堀越 しげ子 堀江 広行 斎藤 祥平 山本 健三

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2010-04-01

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本研究の目的は、ロシア・プラトニズムという観点から19-20世紀のロシアの文化史の流れを再構築することである。本研究では20世紀初頭の宗教哲学思想家たちを分析し、彼らが西欧で主流の実証主義への対抗的思潮に大きな関心を向けていたこと、また19世紀後半のソロヴィヨフの理念はロシア・プラトニズムの形成に影響を及ぼしたが、彼以前の19世紀前半にもプラトニズム受容の十分な前史があったことを明らかにした。したがってロシア・プラトニズムという問題枠組みは、従来の19-20世紀のロシア思想史の図式では整合的に理解し難かった諸思想の意義を理解し、ロシア文化史を再構築するための重要な導きの糸であることを確認した。