著者

三上 正利

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.323-339,401, 1957-12-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

73

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In Western Siberia it was in the late Palaeolithic Age that men came to liver for the first time (Cf. Fig. 1). They enlarged their dwelling. area as far as_ the lower Ob River in the Neolithic Age (Cf. Fig. 2). The first farming of Western Siberia was begun in the southern part of it at the Andronovskaya epoch (1700-1200 B.C.). The northenmost bounds of agriculture in the end of the Bronze Age were along the line of Kurgan, Petropavlovsk and Omsk. In other words, they were in the southern part of the forest steppe zone. In the part of the Minusinsk Basin, irrigation-farming was begun at the Tagarskaya epoch (700-100 B.C.). About the fifth century, they started to till the fields with plough under the influence of China. S.V. Kiselev states that hack-tilling with irrigation played the main role in the rise of the Türk people(_??__??_)in the Altay in the sixth century and that plough-tilling with irrigation came to have an important meaning in the rise of the Kyrgys people(_??__??__??_)in the upper Yenisey River in the tenth century. The agriculture in Southern Siberia, which had developed comparatively highly in the ancient time, fell into decay in the latter period.When the Russian people began colonizing in the end of the sixteenth century, the northernmost bounds of agriculture by the native peoples had moved up to the north as far as the line of Tobolsk, Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk. In other words, they were in the south of the forest zone. Only the Tatars of the Siberian khanate were tilling with plough, and the rest peoples were tilling with hack. In general, agriculture was mere the supplementary means of industry to hunting, fishing and stock farming. There were some peoples who didn't engage in agriculture. From the oldest times, Western Siberia had been the mixed area of the race of the mongoloid type and the race of the europeoid type. There were Mongoloid peoples in the north and Europeoid peoples in the south. In the Minusinsk Basin, however, mongolonization came to have a remarkable meaning at the Tashtykskaya epoch (1c. B.C-4c. A.D.). It means the process of Turkicization in the fields of both language and civilization, in which the peoples called the Tatars by Russians were formed, in the Altay and the middle and upper parts of the Yenisey River.

著者

三上 正利

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.94-108,173, 1952-04-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

40

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Originally Slavs were farming peoples that dwelled in forests. A forest, on the other hand, served as protection of an agricultural, society such as Slavs' against surrounding enemies, and at the same time it provided its people with furs, one of the important exports of Russia since olden times. And yet this trade in furs as a direct motive plus international economic situation contributed to the conquest and first cultivation of Siberia. In course of time, however, with a sudden decrease of the number of furred animals in this region a fanatic state which might have been properly described as the “fur age” began to move from the west to the east of Siberia only to disappear. And in place of the “fur age, ” settlement by farming people in the southern part of Siberia began to stretch out from one steppe to another.When we see a chart of population distribution in Siberia of the present day, we have to take into account such a historical background as stated above.

著者

三上 正利

出版者

九州大学文学部

雑誌

史淵 (ISSN:03869326)

巻号頁・発行日

no.100, pp.299-312, 1968-03

著者

三上 正利

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.19-39, 1964-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

45

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On the basis of the “text” of the Siberian Map of 181 (1672-1673), it had been conjectured in Russia since the nineteenth century that the Siberian Map was made up around the years 1672-1673. The original Map of Siberia of 181 (1672-1673) has never discovered yet, but fortunately we have what are believed to be its threedifferent copies.L. Bagrow, regarding these copies as having much to do with the “text” of 181, asserted that they were reproductions of the original Map of Siberia of 181 (1672). In spite of some opposition, not a few scholars of the Soviet Union have followed Bagrow.B.P. Polevoy, at the February 1954 conference of the U.S.S.R. Geographical Society, held in Leningrad, presented a report, saying that at least the eastern half of the Map of Siberia of 181 was made by S.V. Polyakov in 1673, and that the author of the “text” of the Siberian Map of 181 was also Polyakov. A.I. Andreyev supports this opinion almost completely.This view is so plausible that most probably the Map of 181 will hereafter be called the “Map of Siberia of 1673.”However, I do not believe the view will survive criticism and become an established theory before Polevoy's report, still not made public, be published.

著者

三上 正利

出版者

九州大学文学部

雑誌

史淵 (ISSN:03869326)

巻号頁・発行日

no.100, pp.299-312, 1968-03

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It is evident that after the mid sixteenth century Russians were sailing to the Ob Bay in Western Siberia and to the country of Mangazeya in the east along the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Their aim was to exchange their shipped goods for the fur offered by Siberian natives. But the use of such a route was forbidden by the chief officer (voevoda) of Tobolsk in 1619. Since then, to get to Mangazeya from Tobolsk, the first half of their course had been the passage down the river Ob to its mouth, and the latter half from there across the bays of both Ob and Taz finally to the destination. Mangazeya was the place where exchange had been made of a great deal of fur up to 1640' s. But thereafter the center of fur industry moved eastwards to the river Lena and, moreover, the main trade route in Siberia moved southwards. Thus its out-of-the-way location brought about Mangazeya's declination and, in turn, the prohibition of the sea route to it in the way mentioned above in 1667. But the coastal route of the Arctic Ocean was resumed by Russians toward the end of the seventeenth century.