著者
三瓶 弘喜 サンペイ ヒロキ Sampei Hiroki
出版者
熊本大学
雑誌
文学部論叢 = Kumamoto journal of culture and humanities (ISSN:03887073)
巻号頁・発行日
no.108, pp.1-24, 2017-03

There were approximately 20,000 pigs running free on the streets in Antebellum New York City. This article examines the reason for the presence of so many pigs, what significance they had for urban environment, and the opinions that the residents had about the pigs. This would shed new lights on the role of class, race, ethnicity, and gender relations in urban society and politics during times of development and change.
著者
三瓶 弘喜
出版者
熊本大学
雑誌
文学部論叢 (ISSN:03887073)
巻号頁・発行日
no.97, pp.53-84, 2008-03

In the nineteenth century, the American economic system was not characterized by a laissez-faire market economy. The local and municipal governments regulated the aggressive free market economy by numerous ordinances that attached great importance to a "public economy." They established market laws to monitor public markets that provided essential food and goods for daily life. The purpose of the regulation was to prevent food shortages and steep rise in food prices, and to provide inexpensive and sufficient food to the inhabitants. The early nineteenth-century "market" was not "the place for a free economy," but "the place for a public economy" controlled by communities. The public markets performed the functions of social welfare and social networking. Market laws granted free licenses of street vending to handicapped people, widows, the poor, and African American women. These groups could make a living by peddling without a license fee. Market places were the hubs for culture and entertainment. The public markets in New York, in particular, were famous for dance competitions that were performed by African American slaves. Based on the social network created by public markets, these events served to form bonds betweeb them and strengthen their solidarity.