著者

小谷 侑輝 齋藤 美松 金 惠璘 小川 昭利 上島 淳史 亀田 達也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1914, (Released:2021-06-15)

参考文献数

51

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Distributive justice is concerned with how societies should allocate resources. Although vigorously debated, the relationships between normative theories of distributive justice and actual behavior remain unclear. To examine the empirical bases of John Rawls’s moral argument, we tested whether distribution may be psychologically linked to risky personal decisions via voluntary focus on the worst-off position. Extending Kameda et al. (2016), we asked participants to make three types of decisions (social distribution as a third party, risky choices for self, and the Veil of Ignorance [VoI] task in which participants chose social distribution affecting selves without knowing their own positions) and measured physiological arousal during decision making. Participants’ distributive choices were correlated with risky personal decisions such that those who endorsed the Maximin (maximizing the minimum possible payoff) distribution preferred the Maximin gambles. Preferences in the VoI task statistically moderated this correlation. Pupil dilation associated with arousal was also related to these effects. These converging data suggest that social distribution and risky decisions are intertwined in the human mind, as envisioned by Rawls’s normative argument.

著者

上島 淳史 亀田 達也

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.4, pp.383-389, 2017-10

著者

上島 淳史 亀田 達也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16328, (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

25

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Recent research has revealed neuro-cognitive commonalities between decisions for self and for others. However, very few direct comparisons have been made between decisions for self and others in the context of economic decision-making under risk. In this study, we compared gambling decisions for self and others using a withinparticipants design. We manipulated the level of uncertainty involved in acquisition of seed money for gambling to explore its potential role in mediating risky decisions. The results revealed that participants were significantly more risk-averse when making decisions for others than for self, and this behavioral difference was stronger when the seed money for gambling was obtained with certainty. Moreover, additional analysis using the Social Value Orientation scale (Van Lange, Otten, De Bruin, & Joireman, 1997) revealed that the “individualistic” participants made the self-other distinction more clearly than the “prosocial” participants, indicating that a participant’s socialvalue orientation plays a role when making risky decisions for others.