著者

小木曽 一之 串間 敦郎 安井 年文 青山 清英

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.449-462, 1997-03-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

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The puropose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the pattern of change in the sprinting speed that is the final results of the sprinting movements, and (b) to find out whether the characteristics in the sprinting speed change due to the differences in age, sex, sprinting ability and training status. One-hundred thirty male and 123 female ordinary students aged 6 to 18, and 30 male and 23 female sprint runners aged 9, 10, 11 and 18 participated in this study. They were instructed to excute an exhaustive sprinting. Sprinting times ranged from about 20 to 30 sec. The elapsed times were measured every five meters in their sprinting. In the analysis, the polynomial curve fitting from 5th-degree to 9th-degree was used for the predictions of the sprinting distances with respect to the elapsed times every 0.1 sec. From the relations of the distances to times the following speeds were computed: 1) the sprinting speed that was computed by differentiating the sprinting distance, and 2) the average speed form start to the elapsed time every 0.1 sec. The sprinting speed reached the peak speed after about 6to 7 sec from start. The average speed showed the peak speed after about 15 sec from start. These characteristics with respect to time remained unchanged despite the differences in age, sex, sprinting performance and training status. The time at the maximum average speed was particularly stable. The maximum average speed was about 90% of the maximum sprinting speed. This result also remained unchanged despite the differences in age, sex, sprinting performance and training status,respectively. These results indicate that the pattern of change in the sprinting speed with respect to time is rather constant without the distinction of age, sex, sprinting performance and training status. The sprinting performance, however, improved with age and by training. This result was mostly caused by the increase of the maximum sprinting speed with age and by training. These characteristics with respect to time and speed seem to cause the differences in the sprinting distance.

著者

小木曽 一之 串間 敦郎 安井 年文 青山 清英

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.449-462, 1997

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The puropose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the pattern of change in the sprinting speed that is the final results of the sprinting movements, and (b) to find out whether the characteristics in the sprinting speed change due to the differences in age, sex, sprinting ability and training status. One-hundred thirty male and 123 female ordinary students aged 6 to 18, and 30 male and 23 female sprint runners aged 9, 10, 11 and 18 participated in this study. They were instructed to excute an exhaustive sprinting. Sprinting times ranged from about 20 to 30 sec. The elapsed times were measured every five meters in their sprinting. In the analysis, the polynomial curve fitting from 5th-degree to 9th-degree was used for the predictions of the sprinting distances with respect to the elapsed times every 0.1 sec. From the relations of the distances to times the following speeds were computed: 1) the sprinting speed that was computed by differentiating the sprinting distance, and 2) the average speed form start to the elapsed time every 0.1 sec. The sprinting speed reached the peak speed after about 6to 7 sec from start. The average speed showed the peak speed after about 15 sec from start. These characteristics with respect to time remained unchanged despite the differences in age, sex, sprinting performance and training status. The time at the maximum average speed was particularly stable. The maximum average speed was about 90% of the maximum sprinting speed. This result also remained unchanged despite the differences in age, sex, sprinting performance and training status,respectively. These results indicate that the pattern of change in the sprinting speed with respect to time is rather constant without the distinction of age, sex, sprinting performance and training status. The sprinting performance, however, improved with age and by training. This result was mostly caused by the increase of the maximum sprinting speed with age and by training. These characteristics with respect to time and speed seem to cause the differences in the sprinting distance.

著者

川原 瑞代 中村 千穂子 串間 敦郎 瀬口 チホ 野口 陽子

出版者

宮崎県立看護大学

雑誌

宮崎県立看護大学研究紀要 (ISSN:1345692X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.57-68, 2006-03

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宮崎県A町で「個人レベルの行動変容」と「集団レベルの行動変容」を目標とした高齢者の転倒予防をめざす健康づくりプログラムを作成し,概ね1か月2回の教室を5か月間実施した。研究目的は,教室参加後の行動変容について,自己効力感やその他の主観的側面により探求し,プログラムの介入効果を評価することである。自己効力感と行動変容の過程の検討は,教室に5割以上出席した29名(平均年齢70.5±9.3歳)を分析対象とした。まず,参加者個人記録と教室最終日のアンケート調査の自由記載欄から自己効力感に関係すると思われる記述を抽出した。次に,それらを短文に再構成し「自己効力感」の観点から自己効力感に影響する項目を類別した。さらに,経時的に参加者の言動の特徴を取り出し,「運動行動の変化」の観点から比較し,行動変容の過程を導き出した。その結果,97の記述を抽出し,【自己の目標設定】【遂行行動の達成感】【不安や困難さの体験】【生理的変化の自覚】【感情変化の自覚】【効力期待】【結果期待】【良好な社会関係】の8項目を類別した。行動変容の過程は「運動の準備段階」「運動の実行への移行段階」「運動の実行段階」の3段階であった。教室参加による主観的側面の検討は,教室に5割以上出席した29名中,教室最終日に参加した20名(平均年齢70.0±7.1歳)を分析対象とした。方法は,フォーカス・グループ・インタビューの結果から教室参加による「プラスの影響」11項目,「マイナスの影響」6項目のアンケート用紙を作成し,教室最終日に実施した。その結果,平均点は「プラスの影響」が「マイナスの影響」より有意に高かった(p<0.001)。平均点が高い項目は「教室でみんなに会うのが楽しみだ」「自分なりに満足している」であった。以上より,個人・集団レベルで行動変容があり,自己効力感が影響していた。しかし,健康づくりプログラムと行動変容の関連性は明確ではなかった。