著者
内山 勝利
出版者
日本西洋古典学会
雑誌
西洋古典学研究 (ISSN:04479114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, pp.41-52, 1981

The main purpose of this paper is to reconsider the true standpoint of Socrates in the Crito, one of the earlier dialogues of Plato, in order to remove misunderstandings about the Socratic attitude towards the city-state and the law. This attempt will at the same time clarify the substantial principle which is constantly held by Socrates throughout his life and death. From ancient times, it has been frequently considered that Socrates in the Crito puts the law of the city-state into the position of the absolute standard of ethical judgment. A series of discussions on this problem has recently again arisen from the papers of R. Martin("Socr. on Disob. to the Law", Rev. of Metaph., 24/1970, 21-38)and of A. D. Woozley("Socr. on Disob. the Law", G. Vlastos ed., Philos. of Socr., 1971, 299-318). Many of the writers debate it on the assumption that the central point of the assertion here stated by Socrates lies in the 'Destruction of the City' argument(so named by G. Young, whose paper in Phronesis 19/1974 is also referred to particularly in my paper) , whether they agree with or reject it. But, the author thinks, when we read the Crito following carefully the essential structure of the argument which is, as is explicitly stated at 48E-49E, already systematically methodised, and that in the same way as is formalised in the Phaedo, then it will become obvious that the 'Destruction of the City' argument is only a showy but untrue one, while Socrates' substantial assertion is stated duly with the 'hypothetical' procedure based exactly on the αρχαι(49D-E). The true reason for his refusal to escape is, accordingly, not because his escape might bring destruction of the law and then of the city-state, but just because it is not compatible with the αρχαι accepted by himself or, in other words, not compatible with "the logos which upon reflection appears to me to be the best"(46B). In short: when said in response to the subtitle to this dialogue, περι πρακτεου, it is asserted here by Socrates that we should make our conduct conform to the judgment of the logos, and not in obedience to the law.

1 0 0 0 哲学誕生

著者
内山勝利責任編集
出版者
中央公論新社
巻号頁・発行日
2008
著者
中畑 正志 内山 勝利
出版者
京都大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2007

アリストテレスの哲学の基礎的語彙の多くは、「可能と現実」「実体」などのように、現在では哲学の基礎概念となっているばかりでなく日常用語にまで浸透している。そうした語彙をアリストテレスがどのような意図で提示し、またその後西欧においてどのように継承され受容されてきたのかを改めてたどり直すとともに、19世紀の西欧における支配的な解釈の影響下にある日本における受容と翻訳のあり方をその問題点を確認し、あらたな翻訳の可能性を検討した。