著者

原 塁

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.111, 2018 (Released:2020-03-23)

著者

原 塁

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.109, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

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This paper clarifies Japanese composer Toru Takemitsu’s usage of the repeat sign and considers the influence of other works from the same period and his aesthetic change. In the 1960s, Takemitsu uses the repeat sign in two ways. One of the usages works as the base of “Tone Cluster” and introduces high level “Indeterminacy”. The other is inspired by the technique of the Polish composer Witold Lutosławski and introduces low level “Indeterminacy” under the control of the composer. In the latter case, the repeat sign enables each player to play independently and creates the asynchronous sound. This usage is continued in the next decade. In the 1970s, a number of passages in which different cycles and tempi accumulate simultaneously are repeated. In spite of his instruction of tempi and notes, the entire sound cannot be predicted exactly, as each passage is repeated many times, so this repetition also introduces a controlled “Indeterminacy”. In the 1980s, Takemitsu came close to Steve Reich’s “Phase-Shifting” technique. Reich’s technique implies strong “Determinacy”, and thus we can see the change in Takemitsu’s aesthetic here. While in prior works, he placed more value on “Indeterminacy”, in this period, he treated “Determinacy” and “Indeterminacy” relatively.

著者

原 塁

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.97, 2016 (Released:2018-01-01)

著者

西川 尚男 菅原 俊一 栗原 塁 青木 努 小上 泰司

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.7, pp.680-686, 2005 (Released:2005-10-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 3

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It is well known that the operation with low humidified reactants accelerates cell voltage loss of PEFC. On the other hand, the mechanism of the voltage loss is not clear. On this study, two kinds of cells which have different thickness membrane (15 and 30μm) were evaluated under operation with low humidified reactants to clarify the voltage loss mode. The study indicates that there are two different cell voltage loss modes. For 15μm cell (a thin membrane cell), the cell voltage decayed along with open circuit voltage decrease with H2 crossover increase. It is the case that H2 crossover depresses cell voltage. For 30μm cell (a thick membrane cell), the cell voltage decayed along with open circuit voltage decrease without H2 crossover increase. This decay mechanism of voltage loss without H2 crossover was focused to study. New methods for measuring humidity distribution and current distribution in a cell were introduced for further analyze. It is found that effective catalyst area loss in cathode catalyst layer could depress cell voltage.

著者

原 塁

出版者

あいだ哲学会(京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科武田宙也研究室)

雑誌

あいだ/生成 = Between/becoming (ISSN:24328758)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.61-68, 2018-03-29