著者

塚田 景 土本 俊和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.570, pp.109-116, 2003

被引用文献数

1 1

---

In 9th January 1903, Morihiro Ichihara was inaugurated into the forth mayor of Yokohama. Half a year later, he addressed on an urban policy of Yokohama. In August 1903, Yokohama City Improvement Council was established. The city reform of Yokohama by Ban Miyake was planned in February 1910, and it consisted of urban zoning (commercial zones, industrial zones and residential zones), a traditional buildings and a scenic zones to be preserved. The plans for a city of Yokohama based on the civil societies in the Europe and America. On the other hand, the city reform of Tokyo was essentially for its role as "imperial capital" of the modem Japan.

著者

塚田 景 土本 俊和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.575, pp.167-174, 2004

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Townsend Harris proposed Kanagawa as the opening of the port. But the shogunate insistet on Yokohama as the opening of the port, and began settlement construction. Harris finally had to accept Yokohama. The new town of Yokohama was divided into foreign and Japanese settlement. Foreign peoples made various demands for urban improvement of Yokohama. In November 26th 1866, a disastrous fire broke out in the Japanese housing. In 1866, Japan concluded "the 3rd Estate Regulation" with foreign countries(U.K., France, the U.S. and Holland). Richard Henry Brunton presented a "Scheme for the Drainage, and Improvement of the Roads of Yokohama". R. H. Brunton contributed to the modem city of Yokohama. Brunton was making plans for roads and public park. Kanagawa Prefecture improved of Yokohama after the modele of Brunton's plans. Kanagawa Governor promulgated the road codes.

著者

塚田 景大 宇佐美 真一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.180-187, 2018-06-30 (Released:2018-08-01)

参考文献数

32

---

We summarize the similarities and differences between the cochlea and vestibular endorgans in relation to mutations of genes causing hereditary hearing loss. In regard to the gene expressions associated with hereditary hearing loss in the inner ear, most of the genes expressed in the cochlea are also expressed in the vestibular end-organs. This implies that the genes associated with hereditary hearing loss also function in the vestibular endorgans, and mutations in these genes leading to hearing loss phenotypes may be associated with vestibular dysfunction phenotypes and/or symptoms. We searched the literature for the frequency of vestibular symptoms in patients with mutations in the causative genes for hearing loss. Although 67.3% of the patients with SLC26A4 mutations complained of vestibular symptoms, few patients with other mutations of genes known to cause hereditary hearing loss complained of vestibular symptoms. SLC26A4 and COCH mutations have been reported to be the most frequently associated with vestibular dysfunction and/or symptoms. Characteristically, in patients with SLC26A4 mutations, vertigo episodes are associated with acute hearing deterioration, and in patients with COCH mutations, progressive vestibular dysfunction is associated with progressive hearing loss. Although 4% of patients with GJB2 mutations complained of vestibular symptoms, saccular dysfunction was more frequent. It is difficult to explain the absence of vestibular symptoms in most patients with mutations of the causative genes for hearing loss?. Possible explanations for this inconsistency are the presence and functioning of other molecules to compensate for the functional loss of sensory activity in the vestibular end-organs; congenital or slowly progressive vestibular dysfunction could be compensated by visual and somatosensory input. Furthermore, the vestibular sensory system may have a lower sensitivity than the auditory system. Further studies are required to elucidate the effects of mutations linked to deafness on the vestibular functions.