1 0 0 0 OA 伝書鳩の色光刺戟の弁別学習における転移
- 著者
- 大日向 達子
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会
- 雑誌
- 心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.26, no.5, pp.311-319, 1956 (Released:2010-07-16)
- 参考文献数
- 3
- 被引用文献数
- 4 1
The present study on the instrumental conditioning of color discrimination by pigeons was undertaken to determine whether the learning was based on absolute or on relative discrimination. It was assumed that if the learning was based upon relative discrimination, the luminance relation of the stimuli would be transferred regardless of their wave-length and, on the other hand, if it was based upon absolute discrimination, pigeons would respond to wave-lengths without regards to luminance relations.The entire experiment was divided into two major parts, Exp. I and II, each of which comprised two groups of experiments, A1 and B1 in the case of Exp. I and A2 and B2 in the casg of Exp. II. Each group was subdivided further into four unit-experiments, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Thus, the total number of unit-experiments was 16. The experiment was conducted with the Skinner Box and with 32 pigeons as subjects, 2 pigeons participating in one unit-experiment.Each unit-experiment contained 3 problems, 1st, 2nd and 3rd, given in this order. The purpose was to see if each succeding problem was learned more rapidly than the one preceding.Stimuli and Procedure-Four colors, red, yellow, green and blue whose dominant wave-lengths were 675.6, 574.9, 538.6 466.5mμ respectively were chosen as stimulus materials. Each of these four colors was paired with each of the other three colors. The luminance ratio of the two colors in the pair was 6 : 1, the lighter one being the positive stimulus that was reinforced. The stimuli were presented one by one in random order, each for 12 seconds through filters. The number of reinforcements per day was 32 and the criterion of learning was set at 95 percent correct response. The general plan of experiments is summarized in Table 1 and 2. The mention must be made that in Exp. I, A1 and Exp. II, A2 the color pairs used in the 3rd problem were brighter than those used in the 1st and 2nd problems and in Exp. I, B1 and Exp. II, B2 the pairs in the 2nd problem were brighter than those used in the 1st and 3rd problems. In either case, the luminance ratio of the two colors in the pair was kept 6 : 1.Results-Errors made during 32 reinforcements in the preceding problem were compared with those made in the succeeding problems and the following facts were found :Table 1Plan of Exp. I.Transfer of learning of the 1st problem to the 3rd problem was based upon the luminance relation of the stimuli in both Exp. I, A1 and B1. This clearly is a case of relative discrimination.In Exp. II, A2 the pigeons showed both relative discrimination of luminance and absolute discrimination of wave-length, however, in B2 they showed only absolute discrimination.Transfer of learning of the 2nd to the 3rd was based almost on absolute discrimi-Table 2Plan of Exp. II.nation in Exp. I and relative discrimination in Exp. II.The learning of the 3rd problems in Exp. I and II was accelerated in comparison with the original learning.