著者

大町 康

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.4, pp.557-563, 2015 (Released:2015-04-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 2

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When radionuclides are accidentally ingested or inhaled, blood circulation or tissue/organ deposition of the radionuclides causes systemic or local radiation effects. In such cases, decorporation therapy is used to reduce the health risks due to their intake. Decorporation therapy includes reduction and/or inhibition of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, isotopic dilution, and the use of diuretics, adsorbents, and chelating agents. For example, penicillamine is recommended as a chelating agent for copper contamination, and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid is approved for the treatment of internal contamination with plutonium. During chelation therapy, the removal effect of the drugs should be monitored using a whole-body counter and/or bioassay. Some authorities, such as the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and International Atomic Energy Agency, have reported recommended decorporation agents for each radionuclide. However, few drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and many are off-label-use agents. Because many decontamination agents are drugs that have been available for a long time and have limited efficacy, the development of new, higher-efficacy drugs has been carried out mainly in the USA and France. In this article, in addition to an outline of decorporation agents for internal radioactive contamination, an outline of our research on decorporation agents for actinide (uranium and plutonium) contamination and for radio-cesium contamination is also presented.

著者

金 ウンジュ 栗原 治 大町 康

出版者

公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会

雑誌

RADIOISOTOPES (ISSN:00338303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.249-255, 2014-05-15 (Released:2014-05-29)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 2

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バイオアッセイ法は,被検者から採取された生体試料(主に排泄物)中に含まれる放射性核種を定量する方法であり,その結果は内部被ばく線量評価を行う上での基礎データとなる。バイオアッセイ法の利点は,体外計測法では測定が困難なα線やβ線のみを放出する核種に適用できることであり,プルトニウムを初めとしたアクチノイド核種に対しても十分な検出感度を有している。しかしながら,試料の放射線計測を行う前に必要となる前処理,化学分離等の工程に時間を要するため,緊急被ばく医療の観点からは迅速化が求められる。本稿では,アクチノイド核種を対象としたバイオアッセイ法の概要を中心に解説する。