著者

安藤 皓章 清水 英佑 高橋 善一 福本 正勝 小此木 英男 門倉 真人

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.692-697, 1993-08-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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Criminal cases involving stimulant abuse have increased since 1970 but have now leveled off. Some of the offenders claimed to have used the Vicks Inhaler containing a stimulant (1-methamphetamine) which is used for the treatment of nasal obstruction.The aim of this experiment was to measure the amount of 1-methamphetamine contained in the Vicks Inhaler by stimulating the human respiratory system. The results are as follows:1) The data from the stimulation experiment showed that the inhalation level of 1-methamphetamine was estimated to be 320.4ng. From this value, the level of 1-methamphetamine absorbed per one respiration was calculated to be 21ng.2) The data from quantitative and qualitative analysis by gaschromatography showed that menthol interfered with the methamphetamine.3) A qualitative test for the stimulant in urine was negative when the subject inhaled the Vicks Inhaler only once. However, this test turned positive when the subject inhaled it more than 17 times.

著者

大下 敏隆 安藤 皓章

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.571-580, 1992-12-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 3

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In Japan, several phenethylamine derivatives such as mescaline and 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, which are hallucinogens were appointed to narcotics in 1989 and 1990. Reference standards of phenethylamine derivatives are required for their forensic chemical analyses. Present study was intended to synthesize phenethylamine derivatives from benzaldehyde derivatives by a novel route improving the yield. Five narcotic phenethylamine derivatives, mescaline hydrochloride, p-methoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (PMA), 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine hydrochloride (MDA), 2, 5-dimethoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (DMA), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (TMA) and their β-hydroxy derivatives that can be their raw materials were obtained. The methods were as follows 1) Nitroalcohols were obtained by a condensation of nitroalkane and benzaldehydes using sodium methoxide as a catalyst. 2) The nitroalcohols were acetylated with acetic anhydride. 3) The acetyl derivatives were converted into nitro-olefins by elimination of acetic acid. 4) Phenethylamine derivatives were synthesized from nitro-olefins by catalytic reduction using palladium on carbon in an autoclave. 5) In the same way, β-hydroxyphenethylamine derivatives were synthesized from nitroalcohols.

著者

清水 英佑 鈴木 勇司 林 和夫 安藤 皓章

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.1088-1094, 1992-02-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

27

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In spite of strict laws prohibiting it, criminal cases involving marijuana abuse are increasing, resulting in a serious social problem in Japan. The most common method of ingestion is smoking, since abusers feel that this method produces quick psychological effects controversial. Marijuana is known to induce psychological addiction, but it's genotoxic effects are still argued. Marijuana smoking tar has been extracted from seized pipes. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the tar were weighed and the mutagenic activity was tested.The results are as follows:1) Five of the seven PAHs were detected in marijuana tar, although benzo (e) pyrene and perylene were not.2) There was more pyrene than any other substance detected in the tar, with fluoranthene having the next highest concentration.3) Mutagenic activity was observed in all samples, with relative mutagenic potency ranging from 0.03 to 1.59.4) The type of smoking pipe and burning temperature may affect the mutagenic activity and the amount of PAH.5) Since marijuana smoking tar contains carcinogens, promoters, and mutagens, there is a risk of developing cancer just as in the case of tobacco.