著者

宮崎 正康

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.41-57, 2011-03-15

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The purpose of this article is to help junior high school students understand the age when the Manchurian Incident occurred.The Kwantung army responsible for the defense of Manchurian railway caused the Manchurian Incident. Not only the Kwantung army but also the majority of the military felt strong dissatisfaction with domestic affairs and the diplomacy of the Hamaguchi Cabinet. The Hamaguchi Cabinet returned tothe gold standard at the time when the World Economic Crisis had occurred, and as a result the Showa era panic became intense. The unemployed increased while the Showa era panic was deteriorating, workers' salaries decreased, and the incomes of farmers had decreased especially. In the military, there were many drafted farmers. It was transmitted to the military that farmers' lives were very severe from these recruits,and the military came to have a strong criticism of the economic policy of the Hamaguchi Cabinet.Moreover, the Hamaguchi Cabinet took the policy of international cooperation that cooperated with America and Europe in diplomacy. However, the military thought that America and Europe were trying to rule Asia,and tried to limit the military force in Japan. Consequently it became impossible to oppose America and Europe by the policy of international cooperation of the Hamaguchi Cabinet.The Kwantung army thought that they were able to oppose America and Europe by occupying the whole of Manchuria, and enlarging the financial strength and the military force in Manchuria based on the plan of Japan. In addition, the Kwantung army thought that it would become easy to live for the farmers, and the development of Manchuria would be possible, if farmers who had decreased their incomes sharply in the Showa era panic were made to migrate to Manchuria. It is not easy at all to make junior high school students understand the age over which powers of the world fought using military force like this. However, it is thought that junior high school students' understanding will advance and they will come to be able to discuss this age if an appropriate teaching material is given. This article presents such an appropriate teaching material and proposes the method of teaching to junior high school students.

著者

宮崎 正康

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

重点領域研究

巻号頁・発行日

1993

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「経済復興政策と経済団体」に関して、以下の研究を行った。1.戦後復興政策に関連して、企業再建整備の過程で累積した重点産業の新勘定赤字を処理する政策について分析を深めた(発表論文を参照)。2.戦後の株式市場の復興と育成において、財界、政界、官界が果たした役割について検討した。(1)戦後、GHQにより証券取引所が閉鎖され、株式市場はほとんど何もないところから再建されることとなった。株式を介した直接金融の発展が、企業復興・経済発展に不可欠であることを認識し、株式市場の復興に最も積極的に活動した政治家は池田勇人であり、金融人では一万田尚澄等であった。(2)日本証券取引所の平和不動産への改組、証券取引所の再開、東京証券株式会社の日本証券金融会社への改組、投資信託の営業許可等、株式市場の復興・育成に関する占領期の大きな問題の解決には、それぞれ池田勇人や一万田尚澄等のバックアップやGHQへの働きかけがあった。(3)株式関係者、あるいはより広く経済関係者は、これらの有力者を公的・私的にもりたてる行動をとった。例えば池田については、池田の出席る二黒会や火曜会といった会が定期的にもたれていた。二黒会には、小林中、堀田庄三、水野成夫、東畑精一とともに、山一証券の小池厚之助が参加していたし、火曜会には、桜田武、水野成夫、小林中、永野重雄とともに野村証券の奥野綱雄が参加していた。