著者

小清水 敏昌

出版者

日本薬史学会

雑誌

薬史学雑誌 (ISSN:02852314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.194-202, 2020 (Released:2021-01-28)

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目的:1895(明治 28)年の「喘息煙草説明書」の記載事柄について調査し,また喘息煙草の来歴,使用方法や売薬の制度なども調査した. 方法:国立国会図書館,東京大学医学図書館,たばこと塩の博物館などにおいて関係文献を調査した. 結果:緒方洪庵の息子達(次男:惟準,三男:惟孝)および小林謙三(適塾生)の 3 人が喘息煙草に関与していた.次男は軍医であり喘息煙草を考案し,三男は薬舗主となり「喘息煙草説明書」を作成した.謙三は内務省から許可された喘息煙草を自店で製造販売した. 結論:喘息煙草の材料は印度大麻草であり,初版の日本薬局方から同エキス剤と共に収載.同チンキ剤は第三版から収載された.3 製剤は戦後の第六版日本薬局方で削除されたが,わが国では 66 年間大麻製剤が収載されていた.Cannabis 製剤が約 150 年前の江戸時代から日本で使用されていたことは特筆すべきことである.

著者

飯嶋 久志 大澄 朋香 小清水 敏昌

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.9, pp.1215-1223, 2010 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

2 2

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In recent years, Evidence-based Medicine is practiced in medical care, and meta-analysis is positioned as the highest quality research paper. However, there are no unified criteria to evaluate meta-analysis. Thus, we developed and evaluated objective criteria of meta-analysis paper. Meta-analysis was evaluated from the standpoint of format and quality. Format score was developed based on QUOROM statement. Quality scores were evaluated in each step of meta-analysis. We evaluated meta-analysis for advantageous or adverse effect in the relationship between Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor and diabetes mellitus. Research articles either in English or Japanese were searched in PubMed and the Cochrane Library in July 2009. Fifty-five studies were evaluated for format and quality score. Format score was 64.5±25.3% (Mean±S.D.), and quality score was 57.1±21.6%. After plotting each score along the X-Y coordinate, format score was correlated with quality score (R2=0.702, p<0.001). In studies with quality score of 70% or higher, RAS inhibitor prevented new-onset diabetes mellitus. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor reduced risk of myocardial infarction, however, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) increased the incidence in odds ratio 1.21 (95%CI: 1.04-1.40). We evaluated meta-analysis by format and quality score, and these factors showed correlation. Therefore, assessment of quality score leads to prompt and reliable evaluation of meta-analysis. According to articles evaluated by quality score, RAS inhibitor showed effectiveness on diabetes mellitus. However, careful attention must be given in ARB therapy on patients with myocardial infarction risk.