著者

尾崎 邦博

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.15-26, 2015-03-20 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

36

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D.G. Ritchie is known as one of the leading philosophers of British Idealism. Some scholars have regarded him as one of pivotal figures of the New Liberalism, whose prominent theorists were J. A. Hobson and L. T. Hobhouse. However, Hobson and Ritchie had different views on the justification of individual rights including rights of property. Whereas Ritchie criticized the abstractiveness of traditional natural rights theory and insisted that rights of property should be based on social arrangements which were to be judged by the common good of society, Hobson argued that every individual should be assigned by nature, as his natural property, that portion of his product required to sustain his productive energy.

著者

尾崎 邦博

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.29-44, 2013 (Released:2019-08-22)

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John Atkinson Hobson, the leading theorist of the New Liberalism, is known as a sharp critic of imperialism. As is well known, the formative period of his social and political thought coin-cided with the heyday of social evolution theory. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain to what extent his theory of imperialism was under the influence of that theory. In his search for a remedy for the diseases of modern industrial societies, which were under the dominion of machine production and the law of diminishing returns, he proposed to substitute qualitative for quantitative methods of consump-tion. Thus, he adopted a qualitative view of social progress, insisting that by improving the charac-ter of consumption, the law of diminishing re-turns could be defeated, whereas the biological defenders of imperialism, such as Benjamin Kidd and Karl Pearson, maintained a quantitative view of progress, assuming that social effi-ciency and racial success were to be measured in square miles of territory within the empire. While claiming that the struggle for exist-ence within a society should be suspended for such a society to be able to compete successfully with another society, Pearson argued that the primitive struggle for physical existence was the best method for securing progress for the society of nations, which could be called humanity. In refuting Pearsonʼs view of progress, Hob-son asked why such a view, which claimed to put down the struggle for life among individuals and enlarge the area of social internal peace un-til it covered a whole nation, should not claim to extend its mode of progress to the complete so-ciety of the human race. JEL classification numbers: B 14, B 15.