著者

山本 晶友 樋口 匡貴

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.242-258, 2020 (Released:2022-02-05)

参考文献数

104

被引用文献数

1

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This article reviews the functions and negative consequences of two emotions that support reciprocal help in humans: compassion and gratitude. Compassion arises when an individual witnesses another individual’s suffering and can be distinguished from the experience-sharing of distress with that person. This emotion has a significant role in the caregiving response to vulnerable offspring and cooperative relations with non-kin. However, compassion may sacrifice the welfare of people who are not the target of this emotion or may hinder the target’s growth. Gratitude is generated when one benefits from someone else’s good intentions, and can be distinguished from a mere positive emotion or indebtedness. This emotion contributes to increasing the morality of the beneficiary and the benefactor and contributes to a high-quality relationship between them. However, gratitude may cause unnecessary harm to the beneficiary’s welfare. In an intimate relationship, unbalanced gratitude may decrease relationship satisfaction. Social emotions largely support reciprocal help in humans; however, these emotions evidently are not the sole requirement.

著者

山本 晶友 樋口 匡貴

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.71-77, 2019-05-31 (Released:2019-05-29)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 2

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We examined the extent to which a beneficiary experiences gratitude toward a benefit, as a function of what another beneficiary has received. In our experiment, participants who are university students read a scenario in which the protagonist received help from his or her classmate for a report. Imagining themselves as the protagonist, participants rated the extent to which they felt grateful. We manipulated what a protagonist’s friend underwent (i.e., receiving better help, receiving worse help, or being refused help). In the control condition, no mention of the protagonist’s friend was made. Overall, there was no significant difference between the gratitude experienced in various conditions. However, a comparison of the gratitude scores of participants in the lower half of each condition revealed that, the participants who read that the friend was refused help felt more grateful than those in the control condition. This suggests that knowing another person fails to receive helps increases gratitude among those who otherwise feel less gratitude.

著者

山本 晶友 入江 ひとみ 大石 有里花 上杉 優 樋口 匡貴

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.33-39, 2023-06-30 (Released:2023-07-28)

参考文献数

29

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Zero-sum belief is the belief that someone’s gains are another’s losses. Assuming that beneficiaries’ zero-sum beliefs let them perceive benefactors’ cost resulting from giving benefits, this study examined whether the zero-sum belief increases the occurrences of grateful feelings and expression in apologetic form, which is represented by “sumimasen” in Japanese. We manipulated participants’ zero-sum beliefs and rewarded them for the task. Thereafter, we asked participants what they wanted to say, how they felt, and how much they perceived our (i.e., benefactors’) cost. The results revealed that participants whose zero-sum beliefs were experimentally strengthened were inclined to select the grateful expression in apologetic form from some options to convey what they wanted to say, though grateful feelings in apologetic form and perceived costs were not significantly affected. These results suggested the possibility that individuals’ zero-sum beliefs let them express their gratitude in apologetic form independently from the extent to which they have such feelings or perceive benefactors’ cost.

著者

山本 晶友

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.Supplement, pp.OS1-08, 2022 (Released:2023-05-19)