著者

相田 勇 羽鳥 徳太郎 村井 勇 広井 脩

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大学地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.p207-242, 1983

被引用文献数

2

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北海道浦河町および浜中町で,津波予報に対する自治体や住民の対応行動の実態を明らかにするため,防災担当者からの実情聴取,住民へのアンケート調査を実施した.昭和57年3月浦河沖地震で,地震災害を受けた浦河町では,地震に対する処理で津波が念頭になかった人が約16%あり,また停電によって情報を得るのに大へん困った人も9.7%という結果が出た.また過去に大きな津波によって,家屋に被災した体験者が過半を占める浜中町では,津波に対する不安感が強く,津波防災意識が高いことがアンケート結果にあらわれている.避難に要する最少限度の時間は,数分乃至10分という結果で,これは津波が100~200m水深の地点から海岸へ到達する時間に見合っている.警報下の船舶の取扱いについては,船のトン数によってかなりはっきりわかれ,小舟は陸へ上げ,大きい船は港外へ避難するという結果が得られている.津波警報は船舶関係老を含めて一般に十分信用して受入れられ,たとえ小津波でも発令することが支持されている.しかし一面では従来の体験をふまえて,各自の判断を加えて行動する自助の意識も強くあらわれている結果となった.In order to investigate the social responses to the tsunami warnings, we conducted letter questionnaires in the towns of Urakawa and Hamanaka in Hokkaido and interviewed officials of the local administrative organs. The results of the questionnaires are as given below. In Urakawa, which was damaged by the 1982 Urakawa-Oki earthquake, about 16 percent of the respondents were so busy settling their damaged houses and furniture that they could not be concerned about the danger of the tsunami. A total of 9.7 percent of the people did not get the news owing to an electrical failure. These results suggest that should a great tsunami immediately follow an earthquake, it might hit the community inhabitants before they can take refuge on the hilltops. In Hamanaka, the majority of the people replied that their houses had suffered some damage from the great tsunamis in the past, while in Urakawa only one percent of the respondents mentioned this. So the people of Hamanaka felt more uneasy about being hit by the tsunami and were more eager about tsunami disaster prevention. But as for the tsunami warnings, the residents of both towns trust them and hope that the Meteorological Agency announces tsunami predictions even though their scale is estimated to be small. They also desire proper measures to make warnings more useful to the local residents. The respondents replied that it takes them five to ten minutes to arrive at the refuge. This is about the same amount of time it takes a tsunami to reach the shore from a point 100 to 200 meters deep after the earthquake occurs. Therefore, it is suggested that if a tsunami off the shore is observed with the tele-meter, we can know in advance when it will hit the shore and quickly work out some countermeasure for it. There are two ways to deal with ships when the tsunami warnings are issued; ships less than 3 tons will be beached, and larger ships will leave the harbor. Our surveys make the fact clear that the inhabitants in general behave properly based on tsunami warnings and their past tsunami experiences.

著者

広井 脩

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

新聞学評論 (ISSN:04886550)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.92-107, 1978-06-30

著者

相田 勇 羽鳥 徳太郎 村井 勇 広井 脩

出版者

東京大学地震研究所

雑誌

東京大学地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.p235-265, 1984

被引用文献数

1

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1983年日本海中部地震の際に発令された津波警報に対する,新潟県村上市の自治体当局や住民の反応について,その実態の調査を行った.海岸地域の867世帯に対してアンケート調査を行った結果,53%がすぐにも津波がくると思ったと答えており,テレビなどの情報に注意したり,海を見にいくなど外の様子に注意した人は,ともに63%程度に達している.この段階で自主的に実際に避難したとする回答は,35件,5.4%あり,この地域では,地震があれば津波の用心をするという意識はかなり高い.この意識は,1964年新潟津波の被害程度に明らかな相関が認められた.津波警報は一般に高く信用されているが,来襲津波の程度の判断などは,自分自身の過去の経験にもとついている.また津波来襲は警報発令後40分以上経過していたにもかかわらず,その段階で警報を知らなかった人がほぼ20%程度あった.これは警報伝達の方法に問題を投げかけている.船舶の処置については,地震後,直ちに行っている率がかなり高く,小舟をおかに上げたもの41.4%,10~49トンの船で港外へ避難したもの26.7%である.警報が出ると更に多くなって,小舟のおかへ上げたもの52.4%,10~49トンの船で港外へ避難したもの58.3%となっている.このため漁船の被害は生じなかった.This is the research conducted at Murakami City in Niigata Prefecture to investi gate the social responses to the tsunami warning issued immediately after the 1983 Nihonkai-Chubu earthquake. We interviewed the officials of the local administrative organs and sent written questionnaires to 867 households in the seaside districts. We received replies from 75 percent of them. The results of the research are as given below. Owing to a false report in the course of disseminating the warning, the transmission through the administrative organs was delayed. But many people spontaneously took special care about the tsunami. More than half the people paid attention to the television broadcast, or carefully watched the state of the sea. And 5.4 percent of the people took refuge in some safe place. Such cautious behavior by the people is clearly correlated with the degree of damage which they suffered from the 1964 Niigata tsunami. The tsunami hit the Murakami seashore more than 40 minutes after the warning was issued. But even then 20 percent of the inhabitants did not know the warning had been issued. This means that it is necessary to establish and rearrange the warning dissemination system to the residents. There were two ways of dealing with ships when people heard the warning ; one was to leave the harbor, the other was to beach the ships. In this earthquake, most people managed to take care of their ships properly, although a number of pleasure-boats moored near the river bank were capsized.

著者

広井 脩

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

建築雑誌 (ISSN:00038555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.1272, pp.30-33, 1988-05-20